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Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Perindopril

A
  1. ACE inhibitor
  2. Hypertension, Chronic systolic heart failure, Reduction of risk of MI or cardiac arrest in people with CHD
  3. 2.5-10mg daily
    HTN: 5-10mg daily (elderly 2.5mg initially)
    Heart failure: 2.5mg daily (initially) - 5mg daily
    Reduction of risk of MI or cardiac arrest in people with CHD: 2.5mg-10mg daily
    RENALY ADJUSTED
  4. Blood pressure (4-6 weeks for response to treatment)
    Electrolytes, renal function (esp if sartans are use)
  5. Label 11, 12, 16
    No potassium supplements
    Dizziness
    Angiooedema
    Dry persistent cough
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2
Q

Frusemide

A
  1. Loop diuretic
  2. Oedema associated with heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, renal impairment and nephrotic syndrome, severe hypercalcaemia (accepted)
  3. Oedema: initially 20-40mg daily/ BD
    maintenance: 20-400mg daily (Max 1g)
  4. Electrolytes, weight, dehydration and dizziness
  5. Label 16 - dizziness (get up gradually from a sitting position)
    Take in the morning (BD dose- morning and midday)
    S/E: electrolyte disturbances, dehydration, metabolic alkalosis, gout, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, fainting
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3
Q

Olanzapine

A
  1. Antipsychotic
  2. Schizophrenia and related psychoses, Bipolar with lithium/ valproate
  3. 5-20mg daily
    Schizophrenia: start at 10mg daily (increase by 2.5mg-5mg), IM available once oral dose stable, short acting IM for agitation available for acute mania
    Bipolar: oral 5-20mg daily
    Elderly, renal or hepatic impairment: start with 5mg
  4. Monitor response: 1-2 weeks, 2-3 months for full effect
    EPS symptoms
    Monitor weight, BSL, lipid levels, BP
    Renal and hepatic function
  5. Label 1, 8, 16
    Can increase the effects of alcohol/ cause drowsiness
    Take regularly- stopping/ irregular dose (high risk of relapse/ suicide)
    Regular injections are more suitable for non compliance/adherent patients
    S/E: dry mouth and constipation, sedation, anxiety, agitation, EPSE, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, blurred vision, constipation, nausea, urinary retention, sexual adverse effects, weight gain, hyperprolactinaemia, rash (SJS)
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4
Q

Linagliptin
Saxagliptin
Sitagliptin
Vildagliptin

A
  1. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP4)
  2. T2DM
  3. Linagliptin: 5mg daily
    Saxagltipin: 5mg daily
    Sitagliptin: 100mg daily
    Vildagliptin: 50mg daily or BD
  4. BSL/ Hba1c
    LFT
  5. Label 10a- No more than one aspirin
    Allergic reactions generally develop in the first 3 months (monitor)
    S/E- Hypoglycaemia, headaches, muscleoskeletal pain, pancreatitis
    Warning symptoms of hypoglycaemia
    Good diet and exercise inT2DM mx
    Also comes in a combination tablet with Metformin
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5
Q

Metformin

A
  1. Biguanide
  2. T2DM
    Anovulatory infertility due to polycystic ovary syndrome
  3. IR:500-1000mg up to TDS Maximum daily dose 3 g.
    XR: 500-2000mg ONCE DAILY
    RENALY ADJUSTED (60–90 mL/min: 2 g daily.
    30–60 mL/min: 1 g daily)
  4. BSL/ Hba1c
    Lactic acidosis
    Renal/ hepatic function
  5. Take with food to reduce stomach upset
    Swallow whole (XR)- do not crush
    Tell your doctor immediately if you have loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, cramps, fatigue, diarrhoea or weight loss.
    Drinking alcohol can affect control of your diabetes. It can also increase the risk of serious side effects.
    S/E: malabsorption of vitamin B12, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhoea
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6
Q

Lithium

A
  1. Mood stabiliser
  2. Prevention of manic or depressive episodes in bipolar disorder, Treatment of acute mania, Schizoaffective disorder and chronic schizophrenia (rarely used), Augmentation for treatment-resistant depression
  3. Acute mania: initially 750–1000 mg daily in divided doses (every 12 hours if using Quilonum SR®); increase dose by 250–500 mg daily (depending on serum concentration) until symptoms resolve. Maximum dose 2500 mg daily.
    Prophylaxis: 250–1000 mg daily in divided doses (every 12 hours if using Quilonum SR®) for 2 weeks, then adjust dose according to serum concentration.
  4. Concentration monitoring- take bloods 8-12 hours after last dose, measure concentration 5-7 days after starting treatment, every dose changed then every 3 months once stabilised.
    Monitor conc closely during illness, manic/depressive phase, pregnancy, changes in diet or environment
    Monitor creatine clearance, renal and thyroid function at baseline and every 3-6 months.
    Monitor other medications
  5. Label 5
    Regular blood tests are important during treatment.
    Be alert for signs and symptoms of lithium toxicity (eg extreme thirst and frequent urination, nausea and vomiting), especially during illness, excessive sweating or low fluid intake; if these occur, stop taking the tablets and seek medical attention immediately.
    Take with food. Do not break, crush or chew SR, and avoid taking with hot drinks.
    Maintain a normal diet with regular salt and fluid intake. Drink more non-alcoholic fluid during hot weather to avoid toxicity.
    Avoid sodium bicarbonate (found in products such as indigestion medicines, eg Salvital®, and products like Ural®, Citralite® or Citravescent®) as it makes lithium less effective.
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7
Q

Spironolactone

A
  1. Aldosterone antagonist/ potassium sparing diuretic
  2. Primary hyperaldosteronism
    Refractory oedema associated with secondary hyperaldosteronism, eg cirrhosis of the liver or heart failure
    Hirsutism in females
  3. Oedema: 25–200 mg daily.
    Heart failure: Initially 25 mg once daily; increase to 50 mg once daily after 8 weeks if heart failure progresses and potassium concentration
  4. Renal function
    U+E - potassium
    Other medications (triple whammy, digoxin)
  5. Label 11, 12, 16
    S/E: N+V, drowsiness and headaches, gastric bleeding
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8
Q

Sertraline

A
  1. Serotonin selective reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs)
  2. Major depression, Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), Panic disorder, Social phobia, Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
  3. Major depression: 50 mg once daily, gradually increasing as necessary to a maximum of 200 mg once daily.
    OCD: 50 mg once daily, gradually increasing as clinically indicated to 200 mg once daily.
    Panic disorder, social phobia: 25 mg once daily, increasing if necessary to 50 mg once daily after a week.
  4. Efficacy- up to 6 weeks for effect
    Serotonin toxicity
    Sodium concentration
    Suicidal thoughts (early in treatment)
  5. Label 9, 12
    Take in the morning.
    Do not drive or operate machinery until you know how this medicine affects you.
    Do not stop taking this medicine suddenly
    Drug interactions
    Temporary side effects at the beginning
    S/E: nausea, diarrhoea, agitation, insomnia, drowsiness, tremor, dry mouth, dizziness, headache, sweating, weakness, anxiety, weight gain or loss, sexual dysfunction, rhinitis, myalgia, rash
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9
Q

Statins

A
  1. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
  2. Hypercholesterolaemia, high risk of coronary heart disease, Mixed hyperlipidarmia
  3. Atorvastatin: 10-80mg daily
    FLuvastatin: 20-80mg daily
    Pravastatin: 20-80mg daily (renally adjusted)
    Rosuvastatin: 5-40mg daily
    Simvastatin: Usually 10-40mg daily, for CHD usually 40mg daily up to 80mg daily
  4. Cholesterol levels, LFT, CK levels, unexplained muscle pain or weakness
  5. Label 18- avoid grapefruit juice
    Seek medical advice if urine is dark or any muscle pain, tenderness or weakness.
    Compliance with statins is very important
    Best taken at night
    S/E: Myalgia, mild transient GI symptoms, headache, sleep disturbances, elevated aminotransferase conc, myopathy
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10
Q

Oxybutynin

A
  1. Anticholinergic
  2. Urinary urge incontinence
  3. Usual range, 2.5–5 mg 2 or 3 times daily; maximum 20 mg daily. Elderly, start with 2.5 mg at night and increase slowly if necessary. Patch: 1 patch applied twice a week 3.9mg/24hours.
  4. Monitor for adverse effects especially in the elderly and if pt is taking other anticholinergics
  5. Label 12
    S/E: urinary retention, blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation and confusion. Facial flushing (more common in children).
    Patch: application site reactions (eg rash, itch, erythema, vesicles)
    Rotate site of patch application
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11
Q

Lorazepam

Oxazepam

A
  1. Benzodiazepine
  2. Anxiety, Short-term treatment of insomnia (accepted)
  3. Lorazepam: Anxiety: 1-10mg daily
    Insomnia: 1-2mg nocte
    Oxazepam: Anxiety: Mild-to-moderate, 7.5–15 mg 3 or 4 times daily.
    Severe, 15–30 mg 3 or 4 times daily.
    Elderly: initially 7.5 mg 2 or 3 times daily, to a maximum of 15 mg 3 or 4 times daily.
    Insomnia: 7.5–30 mg at night.
  4. Dependence and tolerance
    Elderly
    Renal/ hepatic function
  5. Label 1- drowsiness
    Avoid alcohol and other medications that may cause drowsiness while taking this drug.
    If you take this medicine regularly for more than 2–4 weeks your body may become used to it and in time, you may need a higher dose for it to continue to work. If you stop the medicine suddenly, you may have unpleasant effects. (label 9)
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12
Q

Ezetimibe

A
  1. selective cholesterol-absorption inhibitors
  2. Hypercholesterolaemia, Homozygous sitosterolaemia (phytosterolaemia)
  3. 10mg daily
  4. Cholesterol levels, muscle pains, tenderness or weakness
    LFT
    Mood changes
  5. Tell your doctor if you have any muscle pain, tenderness or weakness.
    S/E: Headache, diarrhoea, myalgia, deranged LFTs
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13
Q

Rivaroxaban

A
  1. Factor Xa inhibitor/ antithrombotic
  2. Prevention of DVT post THR/TKR, Treatment of acute VTE/ prevention of subsequent VTW, Non valvular AF and a high risk of stroke or systemic embolism
  3. DVT prevention: 10mg 2 week (TKR) 5 weeks (THR). VTE: 15mg BD for 3 weeks then 20mg daily, AF: 20mg daily
  4. Renal/ hepatic function, bleeding
  5. High doses needs to be taken with food
    Take doses at the same times each day
    See your doctor if there is unexplained bruising, dark urine or stools
    Tell your doctor, pharmacist, dentist that you are on this medication
    Do not double dose
    Label 10b- no aspirin
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14
Q

Bisoprolol

Nebivolol

A
  1. B blocker
  2. CHF
  3. Bisoprolol: Initially 1.25mg daily then increasing slowly up to 10mg daily if tolerated
    Nebivolol: HTN: 5mg DAILY
    HF: 1.25-10mg DAILY
  4. Monitor BP, heart rate and clinic status with each dose change
    Renal/ Hepatic function
    Caution in diabetes
  5. Label 9, 12
    Take in the morning
    You might feel tired or lack of energy when you first start
    S/E: Cold extremities, sleep disturbance (vivid dreams), bradycardia and hypotension
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15
Q

Valproate

A
  1. Anti epileptic
  2. Primary generalised epilepsy
    Simple/complex partial seizure
    Bipolar
    Prevent of migraine
  3. Epilepsy/ Bipolar: initially 600mg in one or two doses, increasing by 200mg daily every 3 days as tolerated, maintenance: 1-2g daily. Max: 2.5g daily
    Prevention of migraine: 200-400mg BD
  4. Monitor concentration levels- compliance/ toxicity
    Mood changes or possible suicidal behaviour
    FBE + LFT
    BMD in long term tx
  5. Label 9, 10a, 12
    Take with food- reduce stomach upset
    Your appetite can increase with this medication, watch your diet
    Swallow whole
    Can increase effects of alcohol
    S/E: Tremor, hair loss, sedation and appetite stimulation (weight gain)
    Tell doc if fever, rash, abdo pain, vomiting, jaundice occurs
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16
Q

Amiodarone

A
  1. Antiarrhythmics
  2. Treatment and prophylaxis of serious tachy- arrhythmias refractory to other treatment
  3. Loading dose: 200-400mg TDS then BD then maintenance 100-200mg daily
  4. Regular monitoring of thyroid function, LFT and electrolytes 6/12
    Chest xray and ECG 12/12
  5. Label 5, 8, 18
    Seek medical advice if issues with vision, difficulty breathing, dry cough or weight loss.
    S/E: N+V, constipation, taste disturbances
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17
Q

Carbamazepine

A
  1. Anti epileptic/ mood stabiliser
  2. Epilepsy- simple/complex partial seizure and generalised tonic clonic seizures, Trigeminal neuralgias and bipolar
  3. Epilepsy: initially 100mg BD gradually increasing by 100-200mg every 2-4 weeks. Usual dose: 400-1200mg daily in spilt doses. (up to 2g might be needed)
  4. Hepatic function
    FBE
    Other medications
    Changes in mood or possible suicidal thoughts
    Concentration levels
    BMD in long term treatment
  5. Label 5, 9, 12, 18
    Initially nausea and drowsiness
    Seek medical advice if rash, fever, mouth ulcers, severe sore throat, unusual bleeding or bruising develops
    Can increase the effects of alcohol
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18
Q

Duloxetine

A
  1. SNRI
  2. Major depression, Generalised anxiety disorder and painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy
  3. Initially 30mg increasing to 60mg daily. Max 120mg
  4. Renal/ hepatic function
    Clinical worsening/ suicidal thoughts
    BP, U+E, other medications
  5. Label 5, 9, 12
    Take in the morning, unless drowsiness
    Take with food
    1-2 weeks before any effects, and month before improvement
    S/E: Nausea, insomnia and constipation
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19
Q

Ferrous sulfate

A
  1. Iron supplement
  2. Prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anaemia
  3. 100-200mg elemental iron daily
  4. Haemoglobin levels
  5. Label 4 (delete dairy)
    Take on an empty stomach but after meals if stomach upset an issue
    Take for 3-6 months after Hb levels normalise
    Swallow whole
    Can cause black faeces/ constipation
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20
Q

Dapagliflozin

Canagliflozin

A
  1. Sodium glucose co transporter 2 inhibitor
  2. T2DM
  3. Dapagliflozin: 10mg daily
    Canagliflozin: 100 or 300mg daily
  4. Renal function
    BSL/ Hba1c
  5. Label 10a
    Adequate hydration
    S/E: higher risk of genital infections, polyuria and UTI
    New drug: watch out for any other side effects
    Be aware of signs of hypoglycaemia
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21
Q

Metoclopramide

A
  1. Dopamine antagonist
  2. Nausea and vomiting
    Gastric stasis
    Difficult small intestinal intubation
  3. 10mg TDS
    Total daily dose should not exceed 0.5mg/kg or 30mg
    Can have higher doses: chemo
    RENALLY ADJUSTED
  4. Monitor in long term use: EPSE and depression
    Renal/hepatic function
  5. Label 12
    Short term use only
    Watch out for any involuntary movements
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22
Q

Ondansetron
Granisetron
Palonestron
Tropisetron

A
  1. 5-HT3 receptor antagonist
  2. Nausea and vomiting (chemo, post op, radiotherapy)
  3. Ondansetron: Usually 4-24mg in one or two doses. Max 32mg
    Granisetron: 2mg daily
    Palonestron: IV 250mcg prior to chemotherapy
    Tropisetron: IV 5mg daily
  4. IV- prolong QT interval
    Hepatic function
  5. Wafers to be placed on top of tongue to dissolve then swallow
    S/E: Headache, constipation
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23
Q

Strontium

A
  1. Osteoporotic agent, DAPA
  2. Reduction of fracture risk in severe post menopausal osteoporosis when other agents unsuitable
    Treatment of severe osteoporosis in men when other treatment unsuitable
  3. 2g once daily nocte
  4. Monitor calcium and vit d levels
    Renal function
    Monitor patients with cardiovascular risk factors (VTE)
  5. Label 4
    Best taken at night, 2 hours after food
    Mix one sachet with at least 30ml of water and drink immediately
    S/E: hypersensitivity, rash, fever, nausea, diarrhoea
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24
Q

Clopidogrel

A
  1. Antiplatelet
  2. Prevention of vascular ischemic event in patients with symptomatic artherosclerosis (recent stroke, MI)
    NSTEMI with aspirin
    ACD with aspirin
    Adjunct to reperfusion for STEMI unless CAGB us likely
    Prevention of thromboembolism post stent
  3. 75mg daily prevention
    300mg loading dose in stents
  4. Bleeding
    Hepatic function
  5. Label 9, 10a, 18
    S/E: Diarrhoea
    Seek medical advice if signs of bleeding
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25
Q 
Pantoprazole
Esomeprazole
Lansoprazole
Rabeprazole
Omeprazole
A
  1. Proton pump inhibitors
  2. Peptic ulcer disease. GORD
    Zollinger ellison syndrome
    H pylori eradication
    Prevention of dyspepsia, peptic ulcer and erosion associated with NSAIDs
  3. Pantoprazole 20-80mg daily
    Esomeprazole 20-40mg daily
    Lansoprazole 15-60mg daily
    Rabeprazole 10-20mg daily
    Omeprazole 10-40mg daily
  4. Long term use: Magnesium, VIT B12 and vitamin D levels
    Hepatic function
  5. Swallow whole
    Take at the time of day when symptoms are greatest
    Tell doctor if you notice black stools or dark vomit
    Review use if symptoms are well controlled or symptoms not relieved in 4 weeks
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26
Q

Gliclazide
Glibenclamide
Gimepiride
Glipizide

A
  1. Sulfonyureas
  2. T2DM
  3. Gliclazide: 40-320mg daily in divided doses ( up to 160mg/single dose) MR: 30-120mg once daily
    30mg MR=80mg IR
    Glibenclamide: 2.5-20mg daily in divided doses
    Glimepiride: 1-4mg daily
    Glipizide: 2.5-40mg daily in 2 doses
    Glibenclamide most likely to cause hypoglycaemia. Avoid in elderly
  4. BSL/ hba1c
    Renal/Hepatic function
  5. Label 10a
    Swallow whole with food
    Signs of hypoglycaemia (sweating, fainting, hunger, palpitations) - educate family and friends
    Avoid binge drinking, and always eat before drinking
    S/E: Hypo, weight gain, rash
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27
Q

Quetiapine

A
  1. Antipsychotics
  2. Schizophrenia, bipolar, adjunct in treatment for resistant major depression, GAD
  3. Schiz: IR:25mg BD increasing gradually over 3 days to 150mg BD to 400-800mg daily
    XR: 300mg daily increasing up to 400-800mg daily
    Mania: up to 800mg daily
  4. Weight, BSL, lipids and BP, FBE, LFT
    Clinical improvement
    Thyroid function
  5. Label 1, 9, 12, 16
    Takes time to start working
    S/E: Dry mouth, somnolence, constipation, orthostatic hypotension and tachycardia
    Do not crush XR tablets, swallow whole
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28
Q

Bimatoprost (0.03%)
Latanoprost (0.005%)
Travoprost (0.004%)
Tafluprost (0.0015%)- NEW

A
  1. Prostaglandin analogue
  2. Glaucoma, ocular hypertension
  3. 1 drop once daily, preferably at night
  4. Eye drop technique
  5. Label 7b (discard 28 days after opening)
    Bimatoprost has single unit vials.
    Best to use at night
    If you are using more than one eye drop, wait 5 mins between use
    S/E: eye irritation, blurred vision
    You may experience changes in your eye, colour change and thicker eyelashes
    Contact lenses should be removed before administration and can be reinserted 15 mins after
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29
Q

Azathiaprine

A
  1. Immunosuppresant
  2. Prevention of organ transplant rejection
    Immune/ inflammatory diseases ie: RA, IBD, atopic dermatitis
  3. Organ transplant: 1-3mg/kg in 1 or 2 doses
  4. Renal function
    FBE, LFT
    Signs and symptoms of bone marrow suppression, and liver toxicity
  5. Label 8, 21
    Swallow whole
    Take with food to help reduce stomach upset
    Tell doctor immediately if you develop mouth ulcers, severe sore throat, usual bleeding, bruising or rash
    Can increase risk of infection: report any fever, muscle aches, sore throat
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30
Q

Venlafaxine

A
  1. SNRI
  2. Major depression, GAD, panic disorder and social phobia
  3. 75- 225mg daily
  4. Clinical worsening of suicidal behaviour
    BP
    U+E- sodium
    Renal/ hepatic function
  5. Label 5, 9, 12
    Take with food to minimise stomach upset
    Take in the morning, if they make you drowsy then take at night
    Medication will take time to work
    Temporary side effects: agitation, restlessness, nausea and sweating
    If you develop a rash- tell doctor
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31
Q

Indacaterol

A
  1. Beta2 agonist
  2. COPD
  3. DPI: 150-300mcg inhaled daily
  4. Inhaler technique
    Use of reliver
  5. Use daily even if you feel better
    Not a reliver
    How to use Breezehaler
    S/E: tremor, palpitations, cough and headaches
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32
Q

Famciclovir

A
  1. Antiviral: guanine analogue
  2. Treatment/ prevention of herpes simplex infections
    Shingles
  3. Cold sores: 1500mg single dose
    Shingles: 250 TDS for 7 days
  4. Renal function
  5. S/E: headache, vomiting, diarrhoea, confusion, dizziness, rash
    Treatment should start ASAP within 72 hours of shingles on set
    Carry around a supply if coldsores are recurrent
    S/E: Nausea, fatigue
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33
Q

Allopurinol

A
  1. Xanthine oxidase inhibitor
  2. Gout- long term tx
    Urate nephrolothiasis or acute uric acid nephropathy
    Hyperunricaemia secondary to disease or chemo
  3. Gout: start 100mg daily then increase slowly monthly. Maintenance 300-600mg, max 900mg
  4. Plasma urate concentration
    Hypersensitivity reactions
    Renal/hepatic function
  5. Label 5, 12
    Take with food
    If you develop a rash, swollen lips, persistent fever- seek medical advice
    Adequate hydration during tx
    S/E: rash, N+V, taste disturbances, diarrhoea
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34
Q

Risperidone

A
  1. Antipsychotic
  2. Schizophrenia and related psychoses
    Bipolar disorder
    Behaviour disturbances in dementia
    Behavioural disorder in autism
  3. Schiz: 1mg BD up to 4-6mg daily
    Behaviour disturbances: 1-2mg
  4. Monitor weight, BSL, lipids and BP
    Renal/hepatic function
    EPSE at higher doses
  5. Label 1, 16
    Will take time to work
    initial S/E: dizziness, restlessness, lack of energy, insomnia
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35
Q

Digoxin

A
  1. Anti arrhythmic
  2. AF, heart failure
  3. Maintenance: 125-250mcg daily, elderly 62.5-125mcg daily
  4. Plasma concentration
    U/E - Na/K
    Renal function
    Other medications
  5. Label 5
    Tell your pharmacist/doctors that you are taking this medication
    S/E: N+V, diarrhoea, anorexia, visual disturbances
    Colour of tablets
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36
Q

Nifedipine

A
  1. Calcium channel blocker- dihydropyridine
  2. HTN, Angina
  3. Initially 10-20mg daily increasing up to 20-40mg daily
    CR: 20-90mg (Angina) 120mg (HTN)
  4. Hepatic function
    BP
    Peripheral oedema
  5. Label 9, 12, 18
    Can take up to 2 weeks to reduce BP
    S/E: Dizziness, headache and flushing initially palpitations, tachycardia
    If you develop swollen ankles- seek medical advice
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37
Q

Seretide (Fluticasone/Salmeterol)

A
  1. Corticosteroids/ long acting beta 2 agonist
  2. Maintenance treatment of asthma
    COPD
  3. MDI: 2 BD DPI: 1 BD
  4. Reliever use
    Inhaler technique
    FEV
    Temor/ palpitations
  5. Label 14
    Do not use as reliever
    Use everyday even if no symptoms are present
    Inhaler technique
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38
Q

Colchicine

A
  1. For gout and hyperuricaemia
  2. Relief of pain in acute gout
    Prophylaxis of recurrent gout
    Familiar mediterranean fever
    Acute/recurrent pericarditis
  3. Acute gout: 1mg asap then 500mcg 1 hour later (max 1.5mg) Do not repeat within 3 days
    Prophylaxis: 500mcg daily or BD
  4. Renal function
    LFT
    Other medications
    FBE
  5. Label 5, 18
    Stop and tell doc if severe diarrhoea, vomiting, abdo pain, muscle weakness, numbness or tingling in the fingers, unusual bleeding or bruising or signs of infection.
    Paracetamol can be used as pain relief in acute gout
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39
Q

Prednisolone

A
  1. Corticosteroid
  2. Inflammatory conditions: acute asthma, acute gout, croup, inflammatory diseases
    Chemotherapy protocols
  3. 5-60mg daily (variable)
    4: BSL
    Hepatic function
    Calcium/vitamin D supplementation in long term treatment
  4. Label 9 for long term users
    Take in the morning
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40
Q

Promethazine

A
  1. Sedating antihistamine
  2. Allergic conditions, itch, N+V and sedation (short term)
  3. 10-25mg twice to four times daily (Max 100mg)
  4. Duration of use
  5. Label 1
    Travel sickness: take night before and repeat 6-8 hours after if needed. Or take 1-2 hours before travelling
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41
Q

Tramadol

A
  1. Opioid like analgesia
  2. Moderate to severe pain
  3. 50-100mg up to QID max 400mg daily (CR: use 100mg BD then increase)
  4. Renal /hepatic function
    Other medications (Serotonin syndrome/ decrease seizure threshold)
    Dependence
  5. Label 1, 5
    S/E: Dizziness, nausea, sweating, dry mouth, constipation
    CR: swallow whole
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42
Q

Betahistine

A
  1. Histamine analogue
  2. Menieres disease
  3. 8-16mg TDS
  4. ?
  5. Take with food to reduce stomach upset
    May take several weeks before full effect is reached
    S/E: headache, nausea, dyspepsi
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43
Q

Methotrexate

A
  1. Immunosuppresant
  2. Cancer treatment, RA, psoriasis, chrons disease, ectopic pregancy
  3. 5-20mg weekly
  4. Renal/hepatic function
    FBE
    Pulmonary function test and chest xray
  5. Label 8, 10a, 21
    Once weekly!
    Tell doc if you have a cough, difficulty breathing or any signs of infection
    S/E: GI - folic acid recommended or reduce dose
    Takes time to work (1-2 months before any effect)
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44
Q

Haloperidol

A
  1. Antipsychotic
  2. Acute and chronic psychoses
    acute mania
    tourettes syndrome and other choreas
    Adjunct tx in hallucinations due to alcohol withdrawal
    short term mx of acute/severe anxiety, agitation or disturbed behaviour in non psychotic disorders.
  3. Chronic psychoses- 1-15mg daily in divided doses
    Acute psychoses- im/iv 2-10mg every hour prn
  4. EPSE- in long term tx or high doses
    Weight, lipids, LFT, BP, FBE, BSL
  5. Label 1, 16
    Anticholinergic S/E- dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation
    S/E: insomnia, blurred vision
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45
Q

Benztropine

A
  1. Anticholinergic
  2. Parkinson’s disease, drug induced EPSE except TD and acute dystonic reaction
  3. PD: 0.5-1mg daily up to 6mg
    Drug induced EPSE: 1-4mg D or BD
  4. Other medications with anticholinergic properties
    Can precipitate narrow angle glaucoma. monitor intra ocular pressure
  5. Label 1 and 9 (in long term use)
    S/E: Dizziness/ blurred vision (temporary), dryness of mouth
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46
Q

Daptomycin

A
  1. Antibacterial
  2. Complicated skin/ skin structure infections caused by MRSA
    S. Aureus bacteraemia due to MRSA
  3. Skin/ soft tissue infection: 4mg/kg daily
    Bacteraemia/ endocarditis: 6mg/kg daily
  4. CK: baseline and weekly. more if there are risk factors of myopathy
    Renal/Hepatic function
    Stop treatment if signs of peripheral neuropathy or eosinophilic pneumonia occurs
  5. Tell doctor if you get any numbness, tingling, muscle pain or tenderness
    S/E: N+V, headache, diarrhoea, rash
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47
Q

Prochlorperazine

A
  1. Dopamine antagonist (antiemetic)
  2. N+V, Vertigo
  3. N+V: initially 20mg then 10mg 2 hours later. If persistant: 5-10mg tds
    Vertigo: 5-10mg BD or TDS
    IM: 12.5mg Q8H PRN
  4. Renal and Hepatic function
    Monitor or movement disorders
  5. EPSE uncommon, but can present as spasms of the muscles in the neck or face
    Prolonged use can cause TD
    Label 1, 16
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48
Q

Isotretinoin

A
  1. Retinoid
  2. Cystic acne, Keratinisation disorders
  3. Initially 0.5mg/kg daily then increased up to 1mg/kg after 4 weeks depending on response
  4. Renal and Hepatic function
    LFT and lipids
    Response and tolerance
  5. Label 8, 21
    Can cause dry skin, eyes, mouth and lips, use moisturiser, lip balm, eye drops
    Acne may get worse initially, improvement within 10 days
    Effects not seen until a few weeks
    See doc if changes to vision, mood or development of a severe rash
    Do not donate blood during and 8 weeks after treatment
    Adequate contraception required
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49
Q

Cyclosporin

A
  1. Immunosuppressant
  2. Prevention of transplant rejection
    Nephrotic syndrome
    Rheumatoid arthritis
    Psoriasis or atopic dermatitis
    Immune of inflammatory diseases
  3. Organ transplant: 8-15mg/kg daily in 2 doses
    Other 2.5-5mg/kg daily
  4. Renal function
    LFT, Lipids, U+E, FBE, BSL, BP
    Concentration monitoring in transplant patients
  5. Label 5, 8, 18
    See medical advice for mouth ulcers, sore throat, unusual bleeding or bruising
    Visit dentist regularly and have good dental hygiene
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50
Q

Acamprosate

A
  1. Neuromediator
  2. Maintenance of abstinence in alcohol dependence
  3. > 60kg 666mg TDS,
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51
Q

Naltrexone

A
  1. Opioid antagonist
  2. Adjunct tx in alcohol dependence
    Adjunct tx in maintenance and abstinence from opioids after opioid detox
  3. Alcohol dependence: 50mg daily
    Opioid abstinence: 25mg daily initially up to 50mg
  4. Hepatic function
    Effect
  5. Label 12
    S/E: Dry mouth, constipation
    Tell doc immediately if you notice yellowing in the whites of the eyes, dark urine or pale stools
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52
Q

Thiamine

A
  1. Vitamin B1
  2. Prophylaxis of thiamine deficiency in high risk groups (ie: alcohol misuse, malnutrition, severe malabsorption, prolonged fasting and TPN)
  3. 50-300mg daily
    IV: 100mg daily for up to 5 days then 100mg orally
  4. Malnourishment - oral thiamine may need to be given parentally
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53
Q

Aclidinium

A
  1. Long acting anti cholinergic
  2. COPD
  3. 322mg (ONE puff) BD
  4. Lung function, use of ventolin
  5. Inhaler technique
    Continue to use even if no symptoms
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54
Q

Celecoxib

A
  1. NSAID (cox 2 inhibitor)
  2. OA, RA
    Pain due to dysmennorhoea or injury
  3. 100mg-200mg up to BD (higher doses for short term)
  4. Renal and Hepatic function
    BP
  5. Label 10a, 12
    Don’t take other NSAIDs
    Seek medical advice if blood in stools, abdo pain, indigestion occurs
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55
Q

Fluconazole

A
  1. Azole (antifungal)
  2. Various candidiasis where topical therapy has failed
    Tinea corporis, cruris or pedis resistant to topical therapy
    Onychomycosis
  3. 50-400mg daily
    Vaginal thrush: 150mg single dose
  4. Renal function
    Hepatic function
    Serum potassium
  5. Label 5
    Tell your doctor if you are feeling unusually tired, nauseous, dark urines, pale stools or yellowing of the white in the eye
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56
Q

Doxycycline

Minocycline

A
  1. Tetracycline
  2. Doxy: Acne, CAP, Malaria prophylaxis, Infections by M. Pneumonia, exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (heaps more)
    Minocycline: Acne, infections susceptible
  3. Doxy: 200mg initially then 100mg daily until course is complete
    severe infections 100mg BD
    Mino: 200mg stat then 100mg BD
  4. Micro - pathogen
    FBE
  5. Label 4, 8
    Take in the morning with a full glass of water and remain upright for 30 minutes
    Take until course is finished
    S/E: Nausea and vomiting
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57
Q

Oxycodone

A
  1. Opioid analgesic
  2. Moderate to severe pain
    SR- chronic pain
  3. Opioid naive patients: 2.5mg-5mg q4h
    Titrate up according to response
  4. Pain control
    Renal and Hepatic function
    Respiratory depression
  5. Label 1, 18
    S/E: drowsiness, constipation, N+V
    Cannot use CR form for acute pain, cannot crush
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58
Q

Leflunomide

A
  1. Immunosupressant
  2. Rheumatoid arthritis, psoriotic arthritis
  3. 20mg daily (10mg daily if poorly tolerated)
  4. Hepatic function
    Renal function
    BP and FBE
  5. Label 21
    Swallow whole
    Take time to work (4 weeks)
    Contact doc if you get mouth ulcers, sore throat, fever, unexplained bruising or bleeding
    Tell doc if you develop numbness or tingling of fingers
    Don’t drink alcohol during treatment
    Take a few weeks for medication to work
    S/E: N+V, abdo pain, hair loss, hypertension
    Has a long half life- side effects may last even when medication has been ceased
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59
Q

Pregabalin

A
  1. Anticonvulsant
  2. Neuropathic pain
    Partial seizures
  3. 75mg BD up to 300mg BD
  4. Renal function
    Monitor changes in mood/ behaviour
    Pain management
  5. Label 1, 9, 12
    Increases effects of alcohol
    Stop gradually in patients that have been on it long term
    S/E: Dizziness, blurred vision, fatigue, constipation
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60
Q

Ranitidine
Famotidine
Nizatidine

A
  1. H2 antagonist
  2. GORD
    Peptic ulcers
    Dyspepsia
    Prophylaxis of stress ulcers
  3. Ranitidine: 150-300mg daily
    Famotidine: 20-40mg daily
    Nizatidine: 150-300mg daily
  4. Management of symptoms (if not improved in 4 weeks, see doc)
    Renal function
  5. S/E: quite well tolerated. constipation, diarrhoea, N+V
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61
Q

Calcitriol

A
  1. Active form of Vitamin D
  2. Hypocalcaemia in hypoparathyroidism, renal osteodystophy, chronic renal dialysis. Tx of osteoporosis and prevention of corticosteriod induced osteoporosis
  3. 0.25mg BD
  4. Plasma calcium concentration
    Urine calcium/ phosphate concentration
    Renal function
    Other medications
  5. Label 5
    Do not take other calcium supplements
    Follow dietary advice and avoid sudden changes
    Tell doc if you experience weakness, nausea or vomiting, thirst, constipation or frequent urination
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62
Q

Acarbose

A
  1. Alpha glucosidase inhibitor
  2. T2DM
  3. Initialy 50mg daily increasing up to 50mg TDS (Max 300mg)
  4. HBA1c/ BSL
    Renal function
    LFT
  5. Label 10a
    Swallow whole with a little bit of liquid just before a meal, or chew with the first bit of food
    S/E: Flatulence, diarrhoea, bloating, stomach cramps (should subside in a couple of months)
    Hypoglycaemia warning signs/ mangaement
    Avoid food with Sucrose (worse S/E)
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63
Q

Acetazolamide

A
  1. Carbonic anahydrase inhibitior
  2. Epilepsy (menstrual related or refractory)
    Altitude sickness
  3. 250mg up to QID (Max 1g)
  4. Seizure control
    Renal/hepatic function
    U+E
  5. Label 10a, 12, B
    Can cause black discolouration of faeces
    S/E: Numbness, tingling of the face. Fatigue, drowsiness, electrolyte imbalance. Signs of allergic reaction- see doctor!
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64
Q

Aciclovir

Valaciclovir (prodrug)

A
  1. Guanine analogue anti viral
  2. Herpes simplex (treatment and prevention)
    Shingles
    Herpetic eye infection
  3. Aciclovir: 200-800mg FIVE times a day (take every 4 hours during waking hours)
    Valaciclovir: Genital herpes: 500mg BD. Shingles 1g TDS
  4. Renal function
  5. Drink plenty of water while taking this medication
    Important to start treatment as soon as possible (usually within 72 hours of onset for shingles)
    Carry a course with you (herpes simplex)
    S/E (tablets): N+V, headaches
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65
Q

Acitretin

A
  1. Retinoid
  2. Psoriasis
    Keratinisation disorders
  3. 25-30mg daily initially for 2-4 weeks then 25-50mg maintenance dose for 6-8 weeks.
  4. Lipids
    LFT
    Renal function
  5. Label 2 (women), 5, 8, 21
    Do not donate blood while on this medication and for 2 years after stopping
    Will make the condition worse initially before symptoms improve
    Dry skin, mouth, eyes and lips
    Adequate contraception for females
    If you develop headaches, N+V, blurred vision or mood changes- see doctor
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66
Q

Agomelatine

A
  1. Melatonergic antidepressant
  2. Major depression
  3. 25mg nocte (up to 50mg nocte)
  4. LFT
    Suicidal risk
  5. Label 12
    This medication can make you feel sleep or dizzy, do not operate machinery until you know how it affects you
    If you notice dark urine or pale stools, yellowing of the eyes or skin- Stop taking and see doctor immediately
    Medication will take time to work 4-6 weeks for full effect
    Take before bedtime
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67
Q

Alendronate

A
  1. Bisphosphonate
  2. Osteoporosis
  3. 10mg daily or 70mg weekly
  4. BMD, T score
  5. Label 4
    Take on a empty stomach in the morning with a full glass of water
    Remain upright for 30 mins after the dose
    S/E: Nausea/ abdo pain, diarrhoea
    If you develop severe pain in the muscles or joints, pain on swallowing, new heartburn. See doctor.
    Ensure adequate calcium intake and maintain vit D levels
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68
Q

Alprazolam

A
  1. Benzodiazepine
  2. Anxiety
    Panic disorder
  3. Anxiety: Initially 0.25-0.5mg TDS. Range: 0.5mg-4mg daily
    Panic disorder: up to 10mg daily
  4. Dependence
    Symptom control
    Liver function
  5. Label 1, 9, 18
    Use for shortest period possible
    S/E: Light headedness, dizziness, constipation, dry mouth
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69
Q

Amantidine

A
  1. Dopaminergic antiviral
  2. Parkinsons disease
    Prevention of Influenza A in non immunised people (rarely used)
  3. 100mg daily increasing up to 100mg TDS if needed
    influenza: 100mg BD for 10/7
  4. Renal function
    other meds with anticholinergic effects
  5. Label 9, 12, 16
    Take with food (reduce stomach upset)
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70
Q

Amiloride

A
  1. Potassium sparing diuretic
  2. Prevention of diuretic induced hypokalaemia
    Oedema due to heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis or nephrotic syndrome (adjunct to thiazide or loop diuretic)
    Can be used for HTN
  3. 2.5-10mg daily
  4. Renal/ hepatic function
    U+E (potassium)
  5. Label 11, 12, 16
    Take in the morning
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71
Q

Amisulpride

A
  1. Antipsychotic
  2. Schizophrenia
  3. Psychosis: 200-400mg BD
    Maintenance: 50-300mg daily
  4. Renal function
    EPSE
    LFTs
    BP
    Lipids
    BSL/ weight
  5. Label 1, 12, 16
    This medication may take time to work
    S/E: insomnia, sleepiness and constipation
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72
Q

Amitrityline

A
  1. TCA
  2. Major depression
    Noctural enuresis
    Neuropathic pain
    Migraine prophylaxis
  3. 25-150mg daily (max 300mg)
  4. Changes in mood and behaviour
    Hepatic function
    Other medications (serotonin toxicity, anticholinergic effects)
    BP
  5. Label 1, 5, 9, 16
    This medication takes time to work
    If daytime drowsiness is a problem, take tablet at night
    Initially can cause drowsiness, blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, will disappear after a few days
    Can increase the effects of alcohol
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73
Q

Amlodipine

A
  1. Calcium channel blocker (dihydropyridine)
  2. HTN
    Angina
  3. 2.5-10mg daily
  4. BP
    Hepatic function
  5. Label 9, 12, 18
    Can take up to 2 weeks to reduce BP
    If you develop swollen ankle- see doctor
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74
Q

Amoxycillin

A
  1. Penicillin antibiotic
  2. CAP
    Acute bacterial otitis media
    Sinusitis
    Eradication of H pylori
  3. 250-500mg q8h or 1g TDS (paeds: 7.5-25mg/kg)
  4. Infection symptoms
    FBE, CRP
    MCS
  5. Take until all finish
    S/E: Diarrhoea, N+V
    Allergic symptoms- see medical attention
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75
Q

Amoxycillin + clavulanic acid

A
  1. Penicillin antibiotic + b lactamase inhibitor
  2. HAP
    UTI
    Otitis media unresponsive to amoxycillin
  3. 500/125-875/125mg BD
  4. FBE+ CRP
    MCS
    Hepatic function for treatment >14 days
  5. Take until all finish
    Take with food
    S/E: Diarrhoea, N+V
    Watch for allergic reaction
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76
Q

Amphotericin

A
  1. Antifungal
  2. Oral thrush
  3. 10mg QID for 7-14 days
  4. Signs of white plaque
  5. Allow lozenge to slowly dissolve in mouth
    Use after meals and at bedtim
    e
    Can cause black discolouration of faeces
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77
Q

Apixaban

A
  1. Factor Xa inhibitor
  2. non valvular AF and high risk of stroke/PE
    Prevention of DVT post THR/TKR
  3. AF: 5mg BD
    DVT prevention: 2.5mg BD
    Reduce dose to 2.5mg BD if (2 of 80 years old, creatinine >133)
  4. Signs of bleeding
    Renal function
    Hepatic function
  5. Label 10b, 18
    If you miss a dose, take tablets immediate then continue taking at same time. Never double dose
    Watch for signs of bleeding
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78
Q

Aripiprazole

A
  1. Antipsychotic
  2. Schizophrenia
    Bipolar
  3. 10-30mg daily (usual maintenance dose 15mg)
  4. BP, LFT, Lipids, BSL, Weight, FBE, EPSE
  5. Label 1, 16
    This medication takes time to work
    Can initially cause headache, light headedness, insomnia, drowsiness, nausea or constipation
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79
Q

Asenapine

A
  1. Antipsychotic
  2. Schizophrenia
    Bipolar
  3. 5-10 mg BD
  4. BP, LFT, Lipids, BSL, Weight, FBE, EPSE
  5. Label 1, 13, 16
    Place wafer on tongue and allow to dissolve. Do not eat or drink for 10 mins after
    The inside of your mouth may feel tingly for up to an hour after the dose
    Watch for any allergic reactions
    Can initially cause headache, light headedness, insomnia, drowsiness, nausea or constipation
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80
Q

Aspirin

A
  1. Analgesic, anti inflam, antiplatelet, antipyrectic
  2. ACS/ CVD
    Relief of pain, inflammation, fever
    Acute migraine
    Kawasaki’s disease
  3. ACS/CVD- 100-150mg daily
    Pain- 300-900mg q6h Max 4g/day
  4. Gastric ulcers
    Bleeding
    Renal/ hepatic function
  5. Avoid use of other NSAIDs
    If you develop signs of abdo pain, indigestion, heartburn, swollen ankles, signs of bleeding- see doctor
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81
Q

Atenolol

A
  1. Beta blocker
  2. HTN, angina, tacharrythmias, MI
  3. 25-100mg daily
  4. Heart rate, BP
    Renal function
    Respiratory conditions
  5. Label 9, 12
    You will feel tired, fatigue initially. Will improve
    S/E: Dizzines, fatigue, indigestion, constipation, dry mouth
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82
Q

Azithromycin

A
  1. Macrolide antibiotic
  2. Severe CAP
    Chlamydial infections
    Travellers diarrhoea
  3. STD: 1g stat
    CAP: 500mg IV daily
    Other indications: 500mg daily 3/7 or 500mg stat then 250mg for 4/7
  4. FBE
    MCS
  5. Take until all finished
    S/E: N+V, diarrhoea
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83
Q

Baclofen

A
  1. Muscle relaxant
  2. Chronic spasticity associated with MS and spinal lesions
  3. 5mg TDS increasing up to 10-25mg TDS
  4. LFT (in patients with liver disease)
    BSG (in patients with diabetes)
    Renal function
  5. Label 1, 9
    Take with food
    Avoid drinking alcohol- may worsen symptoms
    Initially drowsiness, dizziness and nausea
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84
Q

Beclomethasone

A
  1. Inhaled or nasal corticoseteriod
  2. Allergic rhinitis
    Asthma
  3. Nasal: 50microg TWO sprays each nostril BD
    Inhaled: 50-200microg BD up to 400mcg BD
  4. Asthma control
    Oral inhalation technique
  5. Label 14 (inhaler)
    Use regularly
    Nasal spray will take a week to work
    Device use
    S/E: Nasal: nosebleed, nasal stinging, itching, sneezing, dry mouth, cough.
    Inhaler: Hoarseness and oropharyngeal candidiasis
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85
Q

Betamethasone

A 
1. Corticosteroid
valerate- mod
dipropionate- potent
2. Inflammatory skin conditions
3. Apply to the affected area Daily or BD (FTU)
4. Flare ups
BMD in long term use
5. Apply enough to cover affected areas
Apply after bathing 
Use emollient, soap free products
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86
Q

Brinzolamide 1%

Dorzolamide 2%

A
  1. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
  2. Occular hypertension
    Open- angle glucoma
  3. Brinzolamide: 1 drop BD
    Dorzolamide: 1 drop TDS
  4. Renal function
    Eye drop technique
  5. Label 7b
    Your eye may feel uncomfortable for a little while. If you have blurred vision, avoid driving or operating machinery.
    S/E: Ocular irritation, bitter taste, foreign body sensation.
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87
Q

Bromocriptin

A
  1. Ergot derived dopamine agonist
  2. Parkison’s disease
    Argomegaly, Hyperprolactinaemia
  3. Hyperprolactin: 2.5-7.5mg daily
    PD: 1.25mg increasing up to 5-40mg
  4. Pituitary enlargement and symptoms for fibrotic disorders
    Hepatic function
  5. Label 5, 12, 16
    Take at night
    May initially cause nausea, headache, nasal congestion and fatigue.
    Tell doc if you develop a persistent cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing or back pain.
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88
Q

Budensonide

A
  1. Corticosteroid
  2. Asthma, COPD, Croup (allergic rhinitis- nasal spray)
    Crohn’s disease
  3. DPI: 100-400microg BD
    Neb: 0.5-1mg BD
    Nasal: 32-64microg BD
    Capsules (Crohn’s disease): 9mg daily
  4. Device technique
    Asthma management
  5. Capsules: 9, 18
    DPI: 14
    Oral capsules will take time to work, best taken in the morning. Duration of therapy should not exceed 12 weeks
    DPI: will not give you quick relief, when used regularly it will gradually reduce inflammation and improve your asthma
    Nasal spray will take time to work, use regularly
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89
Q

Buprenorphine

A
  1. Partial opioid anagelsic
  2. Moderate to severe pain
    Opioid replacement program
  3. Patch: 5-20 microg weekly
  4. Analgesic effect
    Respiratory depression
    Constipation
    Dependence
  5. Label 1
    Apply weekly to a clean, dry, non hairy area
    Rotate site of application
    S/E: N+V, dry mouth, drowsiness, constipation
    Avoid direct heat on the patch
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90
Q

Cabergoline

A
  1. Ergot derived dopamine agoinst
  2. Hyperprolactinaemia
    Prevention on onset of lactation
    Parkison’s disease
  3. Hyperprolactinaemia: 0.5mg weekly (up to 2mg weekly)
    Prevention on onset of lactation: 1mg stat
    Parkison’s disease: 0.5-1mg daily up to 2-3 mg daily
  4. Hepatic function
    In long term treatment: symptoms of fibrotic disorders, ECG
  5. Label 12, 16, 21
    Can initially cause nausea, constipation, drowsiness, light-headedness, insomnia.
    Can also cause compulsive behaviour like gambling
    See doc if you develop a cough, chest pain, SOB
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91
Q 
Candsartan
Irbesartan
Olmesartan
Telmisartan
Valsartan
A
  1. Angiotenson 2 receptor blocker
  2. HTN
    Heart failure
  3. Candesartan: 4-32mg daily
    Irbesartan: 150-300 daily
    Olmesartan: 20-40mg daily
    Telmisartan: 40-80mg daily
    Valsartan: HTN: 80-160mg DAILY HF: 40-160mg BD
  4. BP, U+E
    Renal function
    Other medications: NSAIDs
  5. Label 11, 12, 16
    Watch out for signs of oedema, unexplained dry cough, swelling of the face, tongue or lips
    Can take up to 2 weeks to reduce blood pressure
92
Q

Captopril

A
  1. ACE inhibitor
  2. HTN
    Heart failure
    Post MI in patients with left ventricular disorder
    Diabetic neuropathy
  3. HTN: 6.25-12.5mg BD (increasing up to 25-50mg BD)
    HF: 6.25mg TDS (increasing up to 25-75 mg)
    Max 150mg
  4. BP
    U+E, renal function
  5. Label 3b (for
93
Q

Carvedilol
Labetaolol
Pindolol
(Non selective b blockers)

A
  1. Beta blocker also bloacks alpha receptors
  2. Carvedilol: HTN, heart failure
    Labetalol: HTN
    Pindolol: HTN, angina
  3. Carvedilol: HTN: 12.5mg for 2 days then 25mg daily (Max 50mg)
    HF: 3.125mg BD up to 25-50mg BD
    Labetalol: 100-200mg BD up to 400mg BD
    Pindolol: 10-30mg daily
  4. Heart rate, BP
    Hepatic function
    Respiratory conditions
  5. Label 9, 12, 16
    You will feel tired, fatigue initially. Will improve
    If you develop yellowing of the skin, dark urine or pale stools- see doctor
94
Q

Cephalexin

A
  1. Cephasporin antibiotic
  2. Staph and strep infections in people with mild to mod penicillin allergy
    UTI
  3. 250-500mg QID
  4. FBE/ CRP
  5. Take until all finished
    Space doses evenly throughout waking hours
    Check allergies
95
Q

Chlorpromazine

A
  1. Antipsychotic
  2. Acute and chronic psychoses, short term management of anxiety, agitation or disturbed behaviour
  3. Chronic psychoses: 25-100mg TDS or QID (Max 1g)
    Acute psychoses: 50-100mg q2h. (max 500mg)
  4. BP, LFT, Lipids, BSL, Weight, FBE, EPSE
    Renal function
  5. Label 1, 8, 9, 16
    This medication can cause sleepiness, constipation, nausea, blurred vision, difficulty urination and dry mouth
96
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A
  1. Quinolone
  2. Psuedomonas aeroginosa
    Febrile neutropenia
    Complicated UTI
  3. 250-500mg BD (Max 1.5g BD)
  4. FBE, MCS, CRP
  5. Label 3b, 4, 5, 8, 12
    Take until finished
    S/E Nausea and diarrhoea
    If you develop pain, swelling or tenderness in a tendon, tell doctor
    If you develop yellowing of the skin, pale stools or dark urine- see doctor
97
Q

Citalopram

Escitalopram

A
  1. SSRI
  2. Major depression
  3. Citalopram: 20-40mg daily
    Escitaloptam: 10-20mg daily
  4. Changes in mood and behaviour
    Hepatic function
  5. Label 5, 9, 12
    Best taken in the morning. However if it makes you drowsy (take at night)
    Take some time to show effects
    Initially cause nausea, drowsiness, dry mouth, agitation.
    S/E: Sexual dysfunction, weight gain/loss, taste disturbances
98
Q

Clarithromycin

A
  1. Macrolide antibiotic
  2. LRTI
    Eradication of H pylori (with other agents)
    Prevention and treatment of MAC with other agents
  3. 250-500mg BD
  4. FBE/ MCS/ CRP
  5. Label 5 (Simvastatin, warfarin, Prolong QT, CYPand Pgp inhibitor)
    Take until all finished
    S/E: N+V, diarrhoea, headaches, taste disturbaces
    If you develop yellowing of the skin, pale stools or dark urine- see doctor
99
Q

Clindamycin

A
  1. Lincosamide
  2. Alternative in patients with severe allergy to penicillin
    bacterial vaginosis
  3. 150-450mg up to TDS
  4. FBE/ CRP/ MCS
    Hepatic/ renal function in long term treatment
  5. Take until finished
    Take with a full glass of water
    Watch out for signs of watery diarrhoea
100
Q

Clomipramine

Imipramine

A
  1. TCA
  2. Major depression
    Clomipramine: OCD
    Imipramine: Nocturnal enuresis
  3. ALL TCA: initially 25-75mg daily then after three days 75-150mg daily. MAX 300mg daily
  4. Change in mood and suicidal behaviour
    Renal/ hepatic function
    Other medications
  5. Label 1, 5, 9, 16
    Take time to work (1-2 weeks before you notice a difference)
    If day time drowsiness is an issue, take at night
    Anticholinergic S/E + sexual dysfunction
101
Q

Clonazapam

A
  1. Benzodiazepine
    2.???
    Epilepsy refractory to other antiepileptic drugs
    Status epileptus
  2. Max 20mg/day
  3. Tolerance and dependance
    FBE/ LFT
  4. Label 1, 9
    This medication may cause dizziness and tiredness
    Avoid alcohol and other medication that may cause sedation
102
Q

Clonidine

A
  1. Alpha 2 adrenergic agonist
  2. HTN
    ADHD
    Adjunct analgesic
    Treatment of menopausal flushing
  3. 50-100mcg BD or TDS
  4. Renal function
    Analgesic effect
    BP
  5. Label 1, 9, 16
    Withdraw over 7 days- w/d symp: headache, sweating, flushing, tremour
103
Q

Clotrimazole

A
  1. Topical antifungal
  2. Tinea
    Vaginal thrush
  3. Apply BD or TDS
    Thrush: One applicator or pessary DAILY
  4. Symptomatic improvement
  5. Use for 2 weeks after symptoms disappear
104
Q

Clozapine

A
  1. Antipsychotic
  2. Schizophrenia unresponsive to other treatment
  3. Start 12.5mg DAILY or BD and titrate up slowly. Maintenence dose 200-450mg. Max 900mg DAILY
  4. FBE and LFT mandatory (WBC +neutrophils)
    Cardiac function, weight, BSL, Lipids and BP
  5. Label 1, 9, 12, 16
    This medication may take time to work
    This medication may cause constipation, increased saliva production, nausea and headaches.
    If you develop yellowing of the skin, pale stools or dark urine- see doctor
    You will need regular blood tests while on this medication
    If medication has been missed for more than 2 days, need to retitrate
105
Q

Codeine

A
  1. Opioid anagelsic
  2. Analgesic
    Diarrhoea
    Cough
  3. 30-60mg q4-6h PRN
    Cough: 15-30mg TDS/ QID
  4. Analgesic relief
    Renal/hepatic function
  5. Label 1
    Initially can cause N+V, dry mouth, constipation
106
Q

Cromoglycate (Intal)

A
  1. Mast cell stabaliser
  2. Asthma
    Exercise induced bronchoconstriction
  3. 5-20mg TDS/QID
  4. Inhaler technique
    Asthma management
  5. Inhaler technique
    S/E: Throat irritation, coughing and tightening of the airways for a short time after inhalation , bitter taste
    Not a reliever
107
Q

Cyproterone

A
  1. Anti androgen
  2. Metastatic prostate cancer
    Reduction in sex drive in men
    Mod to severe signs of androgenesisation in women (hirsutism, acne)
  3. 50-100mg daily (females)
    50-100mg TDS (males)
  4. LFT
  5. Label 12, 21
    If you develop yellowing of the skin, pale stools or dark urine- see doctor
    S/E: Tiredness, weight gain, depression, sexual dysfunction

Can also be found in the pill - good use for acne

108
Q

Dabigatran

A
  1. Direct thrombin inhibitor anticoagulant
  2. Prevention of DVT post TKR/THR
    Non valvular AF and a high risk of stroke or systemic embolism
  3. VTE proph: 110mg stat then 220mg DAILY (TKR: 10 days THR: 35 days)
    AF: 150mg BD
  4. Renal function
    Hepatic function
    Signs of bleeding
  5. Label 10b
    Swallow capsules whole with a glass of water with some food.
    Do not open capsules or crush the pellets
    Take at the same time each day
    See doctor for any explained bruising, bleeding etc.
    This medication can cause dyspepsia, abdo pain, diarrhoea, nausea.
109
Q

Desmopressin

A
  1. Antidiuretic hormone analogue
  2. Pituitary diabetes insipidus
    Nocturnal enuresis
  3. Nocturnal enuresis: Oral 200-400microg Bedtime
    Intranasal: 10-40microg at bedtime
  4. Correct technique
  5. Label 5
    How to use nasal spray
    Child should only have sips of fluid from 1 hour before or 8 hours after each dose.
    Withhold if child has diarrhoea
110
Q

Dexamethason

A
  1. Corticosteroid
  2. Post op or chemo induced N+V
    Croup
    Others
  3. 0.5- 10mg daily in divided doses
  4. BSL, U+E, weight, BP, BMD may be needed in longer treatments
  5. Label 9 (only for long term treatments)
    This medication may affect your sleep and cause sleeping difficulties
    Watch out for signs of infection
111
Q

Dextromethorphan

A
  1. Antitussive
  2. Cough
  3. 10-20mg Q6H or 30mg Q8H (max 120mg/ day)
  4. Other medications (serotonin syndrome)
  5. Label 5, 18
    Use a measuring spoon to measure
    Avoid alcohol
112
Q

Diazepam

A
  1. Benzodiazepine
  2. Diazepam: Anxiety
    Alcohol withdrawal
    Acute behaviour disturbances
  3. Diazepam: 1-10mg up to TDS
  4. Tolerance and dependence
    FBE, LFT
    Renal/hepatic function
  5. Label 1 and 9
    Usually used for a short period of time
    Can cause drowsiness the following day
113
Q 
Diclofenac
Ibuprofen
Indomethacin
Ketoprofen
Ketorolac
Mefenamic acid
Meloxicam
Naproxen
Piroxicam
A
  1. NSAID
  2. Inflammatory pain
    RA, OA
    Indomethacin: Acute gout
    Mefenamic acid: Heavy menstrual bleeding
    3.Diclofenac: 25-50mg up to TDS PRN
    Ibuprofen: 200-400mg TDS PRN (Max 2.4g daily)
    Indomethacin: 25-50mg BD to QID
    Ketoprofen: 100-200mg DAILY
    Ketorolac: 10mg Q4-6H (Max 90/day)
    Mefenamic acid: 500mg TDS
    Meloxicam: 7.5-15mg DAILY PRN
    Naproxen: IR: 250-500mg BD CR: 750-1000mg DAILY. Max 1250mg/ day
    Piroxicam: 10-20mg DAILY (no more than 14 days)
  3. Renal/ hepatic function
    BP
    FBE
    GI symptoms
    Other medication
  4. Label 10a, 12
    Take with food
    Tell doc if: abdo pain, heartburn, indigestion
    Can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke
114
Q

Diltiazem

A
  1. Calcium channel blocker
  2. HTN
    Angina
  3. Angina: CR: 180mg DAILY up to 360mg daily
    IR: 30mg TDS up to MAX 360mg in spilt doses
    HTN: CR: 180-240mg daily. Max 360mg daily
  4. BP
  5. Label 5, 9, 12
    Can take up to 2 weeks to work
115
Q

Dipyridamole

A
  1. Anti platelet agent
  2. Prevention of thromboembolism in patient with prosthetic heart valves
    Prevention of recurrent ischaemic stroke and TIA (includes fix dose with aspirin)
  3. Preven thromboembolism: 300-600mg in 3 or 4 doses
    Secondary preventin of Stroke or TIA: CR 200mg BD
  4. Signs of bleeding, bruising
  5. Label 10b, 16
    This medication can cause headaches when starting this medication- tell doctor if this happens
    IR: Best absorbed on a empty stomach however take with food if you get tummy upset
    CR: Take with food
116
Q

Disulfiram

A
  1. Detterent in chronic alcoholism
  2. Maintenance of abstinence in alcohol dependence
  3. 100mg for 1-2 weeks increasing if needed. Max 300mg daily
  4. Renal and hepatic function
  5. Label 2, 5
    This medicine is intended to help you avoid drinking. If you consume or come into contact with small amounts of alcohol while taking this medication, you will have unpleasant side effects.
    Best taken in the morning, but if they make you drowsy, take at night
    If you develop yellowing of the skin, pale stools or dark urine- see doctor
117
Q

Docusate

A
  1. Stool softener
  2. Constipation
  3. 50-150mg DAILY or BD Max 500mg daily
  4. Bowels
  5. This medication may take up to 3 days to work
    Take with plenty of fluids
118
Q

Domperidone

A
  1. Dopamine antagonist
  2. Nausea and vomiting
    Lactation stimulation
  3. 10mg-20mg TDS or QID Max 80mg
  4. Hepatic/ Renal function
    Other medications (prokinetic effects)
  5. Label 18
    Can cause dry mouth and headaches
119
Q

Donepezil
Galatamine
Rivastigamine

A
  1. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
  2. Alzheimer’s disease
  3. Donepezil: 5mg daily for 1 month then 10mg daily if tolerated
    Galatamine: 8mg daily for 1 month then 16mg daily (Max 24mg)
    Rivastigamine: Oral 1.5mg BD 6mg BD. Patch 1 patch daily (4.6mg-9.5 mg/24 hours)
  4. Improvement in cognitive function
    Galantamine: renal function
  5. Label 12, 16
    Galantamine: Take with food
    Take at the same time each day, preferably at bedtime unless you experience vivid dreams
    Trial period to assess response
    High doses can have more S/E
    S/E: N+V, diarrhoea, loss of appetite
120
Q

Dothiepin
Doxepin
Nortriptyline

A
  1. TCA
  2. Major depression
    Nortriptyline: Uriniary urge incontinence
  3. 25-75mg DAILY increasing by 25-50mg every 2-3 days to 75-150mg daily. MAX 300mg daily (Dothiepin and Doxepin)
    Nortriptyline: Max 150mg
  4. Change in mood and suicidal thoughts
    Other medications (serotonin toxicity, anticholinergic effects)
    Renal/ hepatic function
  5. Label 1, 5, 9, 16
    This medication takes time to show effect
    If daytime drowsiness is an issue, you can take at night
    S/E: Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation
121
Q

Dutasteride

Finasteride

A
  1. 5 alpha reductase inhibitor
  2. BPH
    Male pattern hair loss (Finasteride)
  3. Dutasteride: 500mcg DAILY
    Finasteride: BPH 5mg daily. Hair loss 1mg daily
  4. Symptomatic improvement
  5. Label 21 (Cat X)
    Swallow whole, do not open or chew capsules
    Take this medication 30mins after a meal
    Do not take on an empty stomach- increase risk of S/E
    May take up to 6 months before symptoms improve
122
Q

Eformeterol

A
  1. Long acting Beta blocker
  2. Asthma, COPD
  3. 6-24 microgram BD
  4. Lung function
    Potassium in patients taking digoxin
  5. Inhaler technique
    This medication can cause headaches, shakiness, palpitations
    Can be used as preventer and reliever
    Have a asthma action plan
123
Q 
Eletriptan
Naratriptan
Rizatriptan
Sumatriptan
Zolmitriptan
A
  1. 5 HT1 agonist
  2. Migraines
  3. Take ONE dose, repeat after a least 2 hours if migraine returns
    Eletriptan 40mg
    Naratriptan 2.5mg
    Rizatriptan 10mg
    Sumatriptan 50-100mg
    Zolmitriptan 2.5mg
  4. Efficacy
    Nature of headache, severity and how many per month
    Hepatic function
  5. Label 12
    This medication should relieve your headache within 30-60 minutes
    Most effective when taken as soon as possible at the onset of the headache (usually after aura)
    S/E: Tingling sensation, dizziness, drowsiness, muscle aches, sweats
    If you develop shortness of breath, pain or tingling of the chest- tell doctor
    If the medication fails to relieve the migraine or the headaches are increasing in frequency or severity- consult your doctor
124
Q 
Enalapril
Fosinopril
Linsinopril
Quinapril
Ramipril
Trandolapril
A
  1. ACE inhibitor
  2. HTN
    Chronic systolic heart failure
    Asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction
    Post MI
  3. Enalapril: 2.5mg-40mg daily
    Fosinopril: 10-40mg daily
    Linsinopril: 5-40mg daily
    Quinapril: 5-40mg daily
    Ramipril: 1.25-10mg daily
    Trandolapril: 0.5-4mg daily
  4. Renal function
    BP
    U+E
  5. Label 11, 12, 16
    Tell doctor if you develop a dry cough, swelling of the face, lips or tongue.
    Can take up to 2-4 weeks to reduce BP effectively
    S/E: Hyperkalaemia, hypotension, palpitations, headache
125
Q

Entacapone

A
  1. Catechol -O- methyltransferase inhibitor
  2. Adjunct in parkinson’s disease
  3. 200mg with each dose of levodopa
  4. INR in patient taking warfarin
    Hepatic function
  5. Label 4, 5, 9, 12, 16
    Do not stop abruptly
    Take this medication at the same time as each dose of levodopa
    If you develop persistent diarrhoea, loss of appetite or weight loss- tell doctor
126
Q

Eplerenone

A
  1. Aldosterone antagonist
  2. Mild heart failure
    Reduction of risk of cardiovascular death in patients with HF within 3- 14 days of MI
  3. 25mg daily (dose adjusted according to K+ concentation
  4. Potassium levels
    Electrolytes
    Renal / hepatic function
  5. Label 11, 12, 18
    Can cause diarrhoea, nausea and dizziness
127
Q

Exenatide

A
  1. Incretin analogue
  2. T2DM
  3. 5-10 microg up to BD
  4. BSL/ Hba1c
  5. Label 6, 10a
    Inject under the skin in the abdomen, top of thigh or upper arm. Inject up to 60 minutes before a meal.
    Do not inject after a meal
    This medication slows gastric emptying which can affect the absorption of other medications
    Injection technique
    Hypoglycaemia S/E and what to do
    S/E: N+V, decreased appetite, jittery feeling
    Tell your doctor if you have abdo pain
128
Q

Felodipine

Lercanidapine

A
  1. Calcium channel blocker
  2. HTN
  3. Felodipine 2.5-10mg daily (max 20mg)
    Lercanidapine 10-20mg daily (empty stomach)
  4. BP
    Renal/ hepatic function
  5. Label 9, 12, 18
    Swallow whole
    This medication may take a couple weeks to reduce blood pressure
    If you develop swollen ankles- see doctor
    S/E: headaches, flushing, dizziness, peripheral oedema, hypotension, palpitations,
129
Q

Fenofibrate

Gemfibrozil

A
  1. Fibrate
  2. Dyslipidaemia associated with T2DM
    Severe hypertriglyceridamia
    Hypercholesterolamia (second line)
  3. Fenofibrate: 145 mg daily
    Gemfibrozil: 600mg BD
  4. Lipid levels
    Renal function
    LFT
    FBE
  5. Fenofibrate Label 8
    Gemfibrozil Label 3b, 5
    If you develop muscle pain or weakness, abdo pain or if your skin or eyes become yellow- see doctor
130
Q

Fentanyl

A
  1. Opioid analgesic
  2. Mild to mod pain
  3. 12-100microg every 72 hours
  4. Pain score
    Renal / hepatic function
  5. Label 1, 5, 21
    Rotate site of application, apply to a dry, hairless area.
    S/E: Respiratory depression, drowsiness, constipation, N+V
    Not for acute pain
    Avoid sources of heat to come in contact with patch
    Dispose patch correctly
131
Q

Flecanide

A
  1. Anti arrythmic
  2. SVT
    Atrial flutter
  3. 50-100mg BD (Max 400mg daily)
  4. HR
    Renal/hepatic function
    Plasma concentration monitoring is required in renal/hepatic impairment
  5. Label 9, 12
    This medication may cause dizziness, blurred vision, sensitivity to light.
132
Q

Flucloxacillin

Dicloxacillin

A
  1. Penicillin antibiotic
  2. Staph skin infections
  3. Flucloxacillin 250-500mg QID
    Dicloxacillin 250-500mg QID
  4. FBE/ MCS
    Renal and hepatic function in longer treatments
  5. Label 3B
    Take until all finished
    Watch for signs of allergic reaction
    S/E: N+V, diarrhoea
133
Q

Fludrocortisone

A
  1. Mineral corticosteroid
  2. Adrenal insufficiency
    Hypotension
  3. 50-100microg DAILY or BD
  4. BP
    U+E
  5. Label 6, 9
    Take with food to reduce stomach upset
    If you feel weak or develop swollen feet or ankles, headaches or signs of infection - see doctor
134
Q

Fluoxetine

A
  1. SSRI
  2. Major depression
    OCD
    PMDD
    Pain disorder
  3. 20-80mg daily
  4. Mood changes
    Efficacy
    Hepatic function
    Long half life- gradually stop and titrate slower if swapping
    Other medication
  5. Label 5, 9, 12
    This medication may take some time to show effects
    Best taken in the morning, however if drowsiness is an issue, take at night
135
Q

Fluvoxamine

A
  1. SSRI
  2. Major depression
    OCD
    Pain disorder
  3. 50mg initially gradually increasing to 100-300mg daily
  4. Mood changes
    Efficacy
    Renal/ Hepatic function
    Other medication
  5. Label 5, 9, 12
    This medication may take some time to show effects
    Best taken in the evening, however if disrupts your sleep, take in morning
136
Q

Zopiclone

Zolpidem

A
  1. Non benzodiazepine hypnotic
  2. Short term treatment of insomnia
  3. Zopiclone : 3.75-7.5mg nocte
    Zolpidem: IR: 10mg nocte or CR: 12.5mg nocte
  4. Sleep hygiene
    Tolerance and dependence
  5. Label 1a
    Sleep hygiene
    For short term use only
137
Q

Lacosamide

Zonisamide

A
  1. Antiepileptic
  2. Epilepsy
  3. Lacosamide: 50-200mg BD
    Zonisamide: 25mg BD gradually increasing to 300-500mg daily in spilt doses
  4. Seizure control
    BMD
    Changes in mood and behaviour
    Weight and bicarbonate
    Renal/hepatic function
  5. Label 1, 5, 9
    Zonisamide: Drink plenty of water every day
    Can cause loss of appetite, weight loss, abdo pain
    Can also reduce sweating (affect body’s way of cooling down)
    If you develop a fever, severe muscle pain, rapid breathing, palpitations- seek medical attention
    Lacosamide: May increase the effects of alcohol
138
Q

Verapamil

A
  1. Calcium channel blocker
  2. HTN
    Angina
    SVT
    AF/ atrial fluttter
    Prophylaxis of cluster headache
  3. IR: 80-160mg BD or TDS
    CR: 120-240mg DAILY or BD
    Max 480mg/ day
  4. BP
    ECG
    Other medications
    Hepatic function
  5. Label 5, 9, 12, 18
    Capsules can be opened up if there is difficulty swallowing
    Can cause constipation
    Can increase the effects of alcohol
139
Q

Varenicline

A
  1. Anti smoking agent
  2. Smoke cessation
  3. 0.5mg daily for 3 days then 0.5mg BD for 4 days then 1mg BD for 11 weeks
  4. Cravings
    Renal function
    Changes in mood and behaviour
    Neuropsychiatric symptoms
  5. Label 12
    Start medication 1-2 weeks before stopping smoking
    Best results if taken for 12 weeks
    If you develop any chest pain, swelling of the face, tongue, lips or throat. Stop taking and seek medical attention
140
Q

Trimethoprim

A
  1. Antibacterial
  2. Uncomplicated UTI
    Prostatitis
  3. 300mg nocte (Female: 3 days, Male: 14 days)
  4. Potassium if patient is at hyperkalaemia or taking a high dose
    FBE
  5. Best to take at night
    Can cause N+V
141
Q

Trimethoprim/ Sulfasethoxazole

A
  1. Antibacterial
  2. PCP
    Infections caused by L Monocytogenes, Nocardia spp
  3. Ratio 1:5
    Mild to mod infection: oral 80/400mg- 160/800mg BD
    Mod to severe infection: IV 160/800mg- 320/1600mg BD
  4. FBE
    Folate status
    Renal / hepatic function
  5. Label 8
    Take with food to reduce stomach upset
    Drink lots of fluids
    Tell your doctor if you have sore throat, fever, rash, cough, difficult breathing, dark urine or pale stools
142
Q

Tranexamic acid

A
  1. Antifibrinolytic agent
  2. Hereditary angioedema
    Reduction in bleeding: minor surgery, heavy menstrual bleeding
  3. 1-1.5g BD to QID
  4. Renal function
  5. This medication can cause N+V and diarrhoea
    Other S/E: Visual disturbances and thromboembolism
    Can be used as a mouth wash
143
Q

Topiramate

A
  1. Antiepileptic
  2. Partial seizures
    Prevention of migraine
  3. 25-50mg initially nocte. Maintenance 25-200mg BD. Max 1g/day
  4. Seizures
    Changes in mood or behaviour
    Serum bicarbonate
    Decrease sweating and hyperthermia especially in hot weather and other drugs (ie anticholinergics)
    BMD/ Vit D/ Calcium
  5. Label 1, 9, 12
    S/E: dizziness, nausea, diarrhoea, loss of appetite, temporary tingling in the finger or toes
    Can reduce sweating and prevent your body from cooling down
    Make sure you drinking enough water everyday especially if you have had kidney stones in the past
    If your eyesight changes or become painful- see doctor
    Avoid alcohol, can worsen S/E
144
Q

Tiotropium

A
  1. Long acting anticholinergic
  2. COPD
  3. 18mcg daily
  4. Exacerbations
    Device technique
    Inspiratory effort?
  5. Label 7b - strips should only be opened for 5 days
    This medication will not provide quick relief of symptoms
    Works best when used regularly at the same time each day
    Use via handihaler
    Can cause dry mouth, constipation, dizziness, hoarseness and cough
    Do not let the power come in contact with the eyes
145
Q

Tinidazole

A
  1. Imidazole (Nitroimidazole)
  2. Protozoal infections (giardiasis, trichomoniasis)
    Bacterial vaginosis
  3. Giardiasis: 2g stat
  4. ?
  5. Label 2
    Can cause dark discolouration of urine
    Take with food
146
Q

Ticagrelor

A
  1. Antiplatelet
  2. ACS with aspirin
  3. 180mg stat then 90mg BD
  4. Asthma, COPD - can cause dyspnoea
    Bleeding
    LFT
  5. Label 10a, 18
    Watch out for any signs of unexpected bruising or bleeding
    S/E: nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation, headache, dizziness and shortness of breath.
    Tell your HP you are on this medication
147
Q

Tigabine

A
  1. Antiepileptic
  2. Partial seizures
  3. 15-30mg daily in 3 doses. High doses are needed for patients on hepatic enzyme inducing drugs
  4. Change in mood and behaviour
    Hepatic function
    Other medication
  5. Label 1, 9
    Take with food to avoid stomach upset
    Can cause dizziness or drowsiness
    can increase the effects of alcohol
148
Q

Thyroxine

A
  1. T4 thyroid hormone
  2. Hypothyroidism
    Used as block replacement regimen
  3. 50-200micgram daily
  4. Thyroid levels
    Renal/ hepatic function
    Other medications
  5. Label 3b, 6
    Take the tablets at the same time each day. preferably before breakfast
    Can be dispersed in a teaspoon of water if patient cannot swallow
    Watch out for signs of hyperthyroidism (palpitations, anxiety, tremor, insomnia, flushing, weight loss, SOB)
149
Q

Theophylline

A
  1. Xanthine bronchodilator
  2. Maintenance of severe asthma
    COPD
  3. 10-16mg/kg- around 900mg daily in 2 doses
  4. Exacerbations
    Concentration monitoring
    Hepatic function
  5. Label 5
    S/E: N+V, dyspepsia, palpitations, tremor, insomnia
    Take with food
    Do not crush or chew Nuelin SR
150
Q

Terbutaline

A
  1. Short acting beta agonist
  2. Symptomatic relief in asthma and COPD
    Prevent exercise induced bronchoconstriction
  3. 500-1500microg Q4-6H prn
  4. Exacerbations
    Inhaler technique
  5. Should start to take effect within 5-15 minutes and effects should last for 4-6 hours.
    Used as a reliever, a regular preventer should be used if this medication is used frequently
    The medication opens up the airways making it easier to breathe
    Used to control asthma symptoms, before exercise or during a asthma attack
    S/E: Tachycardia, hypokalemia, drowsiness, dizziness, insomnia, agitation, tremor
    How to use and clean inhaler
151
Q

Terbinafine

A
  1. Antifungal
  2. Tinea
    Onychomycosis
  3. Cream: Apply daily for 7 days
    Tablets: 250mg daily (6 weeks for fingernails, 12 weeks for toes)
  4. Resolution of symptoms
    LFT/FBE if treatment >6weeks
  5. Hygiene, keeping area dry and clean
    Tell doctor if you feel usually tired, nauseous or are not eating.
152
Q

Temazepam

Nitrazepam

A
  1. Benzodiazepine
  2. short term treatment of insomnia
  3. Temazepam: 5-30mg nocte prn
    Nitrazepam: 5-10mg nocte. Max 20mg
  4. Sleep hygiene
    Dependence
    FBE/LFT
  5. Label 1
    Take 30-60 minutes before sleeping
    Only used for a short period of time
153
Q

Tapentadol

A
  1. Opioid like analgesic
  2. Mod-severe pain
  3. 50-250mg BD
  4. Respiratory depression
    Dependence
    Renal/ hepatic function
  5. Label 1, 5, 16
    S/E: N+V, dry mouth, constipation
154
Q

Tamsulosin

A
  1. Alpha 1 blocker
  2. BPH
  3. 400microg daily
  4. Symptom improvement (stop therapy if no improvement in 4-6 weeks)
    Renal/ hepatic function
  5. Label 12, 16
    Can cause constipation, diarrhoea, nausea, abnormal ejaculation, postural hypotension, blurred vision, weakness
    Can make you feel light headed initially.
155
Q

Tadalafil

A
  1. Phosphodiesterase inhibitor
  2. Erectile dysfunction
    Pulmonary arterial hypertension
  3. Tadalafil: 10-20mg 30mins to 12 hours before sex
    Daily use 2.5-5mg daily
    Pulmonary hypertension: 40mg daily
    Sildenafil: Erectile dysfunction: 25-100mg 1 hour before sex
    Pulmonary arterial hypertension: 20mg TDS
  4. Renal/hepatic function
    Nitrates
  5. Label 5, 16
    Can cause headache, back pain, flushing, nasal congestion, visual disturbances and dizziness
    If you develop sudden loss of vision in one or both eyes- seek medical attention
    If erection persist for more than 4 hours- seek medical attention
156
Q

Balsalazide
Mesalazine
Olsalazone
Sulfasalazine

A
  1. 5- Aminosalicylate
  2. Inflammatory bowel diseases (UC/CD)
  3. Balsalazide:2.25g TDS until remission then 1.5g BD maintenance
    Mesalazine: varied doses according to brand
    Olsalazine: Max 1g TDS
    Sulfasalazine: acute: 1-2g QID then maintenance 500mg QID
  4. FBE
    Renal function
    LFT
  5. Swallow whole
    Sulfasalazine: Take with food
    Medication can discolour urine, tears and skin yellow orange
    Space doses apart, if you miss a dose do not double up.
    S/E: Nausea, rash, headache, diarrhoea- more common in higher doses
    Mesalazine: different brands are not interchangable due to different formulation and release characteristics
157
Q

Sucralfate

A
  1. Cytoprotective agent
  2. PUD, stress induced ulcers
  3. Acute: 1g QID up to 8 weeks
    Maintenance: 1g BD up to 12 months
  4. Symptom relief
    Renal function
    Other medications
  5. Label 3b, 5
    Can disperse tablets in a glass of water
    Can cause constipation, nausea, dry mouth
    S/E: Gastric discomfort, back pain, dizziness
158
Q

Sotalol

A
  1. Beta blocker
  2. Arrhythmias
  3. 40-80 BD Max 640mg/day
  4. HR/ BP
    QT interval
  5. Label 3b, 4a, 9, 12, 16
    This medication can cause SOB, fatigue, dizziness initially
    Stopping abruptly can cause rebound hypertension
159
Q

Solifenacin

Darifenacin

A
  1. Anticholinergic
  2. Urinary urge incontinence
  3. Solifenacin: 5 mg daily up to 10mg if needed
    Darifenacin: 7.5mg daily up to 15mg if needed
  4. Renal/ Hepatic function
    Response- symptoms should improve within 1 week. Max effect after 12 weeks
  5. Label 12
    Swallow whole
    S/E: Dry eyes and mouth, constipation
160
Q

Sevelamer

A
  1. Phosphate binder
  2. Hyperphoshpataemia in chronic renal failure
  3. Dose adjust according to serum phosphate levels
    Sevelamer: 800-1600mg TDS with each main meal
    Lanthanum: 250-1000mg TDS with each main meal
  4. U+E (phosphate, chloride, bicarb and calcium)
    Other medications
  5. Sevelamer: Swallow whole
    Lanthanum: Must chew tablets thoroughly before swallowing
    Take with each main meal, if you miss a meal do not take a dose
    If you develop severe, persistent constipation- see doctor
    Take other medications 1 hour before or 3 hours after dose
161
Q

Selegiline

Rasagiline

A
  1. MAO B inhibitor
  2. Parkinsons disease
  3. Selegiline: 2.5mg daily up to 5mg BD
    Rasagiline: 1mg daily
  4. Renal/ Hepatic function
    Other medications
  5. Label 5, 9, 12
    Use in adjunct to levodopa
    S/E: Orthostatic hypotension, dyskinesia, insomnia, confusion, dizziness, dry mouth
    Selegilin: Take at breakfast and lunch to minimise sleep disturbance
    Rasagiline: Avoid eating matured cheese while on this medication
    If you notice a new or changing mole or freckle- tell doctor
162
Q

Salbutamol

A
  1. Short acting beta agonist
  2. Relief of asthmatic symptoms
    Prevention of exercise induced bronchoconstriction
    Asthma attack
  3. 100-200microg Q4-6H PRN
  4. Inhaler technique
    Renal/hepatic function
    Other medications- b blockers, meds that reduce potassium concentration
  5. Effect should be seen within 5-15 minutes and should last for 4 hours
    It is a reliever, used when needed not regularly
    S/E: Tremor, palpitation
    If using more than 3 times a week- see doctor
    Asthma action plan
    How to use and how to clean device
163
Q

Gabapentin

A
  1. Antiepileptic
  2. Partial seizures
    Neuropathic pain
  3. 900-3600mg daily in THREE divided doses
  4. Change in mood or behaviour
    Renal function
  5. Label 1, 9, 12
    For neuropathic pain, may take time to work (2-4 weeks before improvement)
    Take first dose at bedtime
    S/E: Dizziness, tiredness, nausea, dry mouth, dyspepsia
    Be aware of signs of allergic reactions
164
Q

Glyceryl trinitate

A
  1. Nitrate
  2. Prevention and treatment of stable angina
    Heart failure associated with acute MI
  3. Tablet: 300-600microg
    Spray: 400-800 microg
    Patch: 5-15 microg for 12-16 hours
  4. Storage
    Effect
  5. Label 16
    Tablet only good for 90 days once opened
    Tablet/ spray: used at first sign of chest pain. Sit or lie down before using medication because it can cause dizziness
    If pain is not relieved in 5 minutes, used another doses. If this does not relieve symptoms. Call ambulance
    If tablet has relieved the pain, can spit out or swallow remaining tablet.
    Patch: Clean dry no hair skin. Rotate sites
    Must have nitrate free period, put on when angina is worst.
165
Q

Glycopyrronium

A
  1. Long acting anticholinergic
  2. COPD
  3. 50 microg (One capsule) daily via Breezehaler
  4. Device technique
    Inspiratory force
  5. Do not swallow capsules
    This medication will not provide quick relief
    Works best when used regularly
    Important to continue using even if you are feeling better
    How to use and clean breezehlaler
166
Q

Griseofulvin

A
  1. Antifungal agent
  2. Dermatophyte infection of the skin, scalp, hair, nails etc where topical treatment has failed
  3. 500-1000mg daily 4-6 weeks. Nails (up to 12 months)
  4. FBE
    Renal and hepatic function
    Improvement in fungal infection
    Other medications: decrease efficacy of the pill
  5. Label 2, 8, 12
    Take with food or milk to increase absorption
    Alcohol can cause increased HR and skin flushing
    S/E: N+V, rashes, headaches
167
Q

Hydralazine

A
  1. Vasodailator
  2. Hypertensive emergency
    Refractory hypertension (with b blocker and diurectic)
  3. 25mg BD up to 100mg BD
  4. BP
    Renal/ hepatic function
    FBE before starting prolonged treatment
  5. Label 12, 16
    S/E: Dizziness, palpitations, flushing, headache, nasal congestion
    Alcohol will increase the likelyhood of becoming dizzy
168
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A
  1. Thiazide diurectic
  2. HTN
    Oedema associated with heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis
  3. 12.5-25mg daily or BD
  4. BP
    U+E
    Renal/ hepatic function
  5. Label 11, 16
    Take in the morning
    Tell doctor if you develop excessive thirst, drowsiness, muscle cramps/pains
    S/E: dehydration, orthostatic hypotension, electrolyte imbalance
169
Q

Hydrocortisone

A
  1. Corticosteroid
  2. Inflammatory skin conditions
    Adrenal insufficiency
  3. Apply to affected areas daily or BD
    Oral: Adrenal insufficiency: 30mg daily in divided doses. Take two thirds in the morning and one third in the late afternoon.
  4. Oral: BSL, U+E, weight, BP, BMD
  5. Oral: Label 9, can affect mood or cause trouble sleeping.
    Watch out for signs of infection, swollen feet and ankles or muscle weakness
    Topical: Use according to FTU for shortest period of time. Emollient when inflammation resolves.
170
Q

Hydromorphone

A
  1. Opioid
  2. Mod-severe pain
  3. Oral 2-4mg Q4H PRN
    CR: 4-8mg daily
  4. Respiratory depression
    Analgesic effect
    Dependence
    Renal/ hepatic function
  5. Label 1
    S/E: Drowsiness, constipation, N+V, dry mouth
171
Q

Hydroxychloroquine

A
  1. Aminoquinoline / immunomodulating drug
  2. RA
  3. 200- 400mg daily. (higher doses may be needed initially)
  4. Long term: FBE, optometrist
    Renal/ hepatic function
  5. Label 8, 21
    Take with food to minimise stomach upset
    This medication takes time to work (4-12 weeks)
    Tell doctor if you have trouble with your eyesight
    S/E: N+V, diarrhoea, abdo cramps, alopecia, retinal changes, dizziness, blurred vision
    Wear sunglasses in bright sunlight
172
Q

Hydroxyurea

A
  1. Cytotoxic agent/ antimetabolite
  2. Leukaemia
    Sickle cell anaemia
    Various
  3. 20-30mg/kg daily
  4. FBE
    Renal/ hepatic function
  5. Label 21
    Tell doctor if you develop signs of infection, usual bleeding or bruising
    S/E: N+V, loss of appetite, diarrhoea or constipation, mouth ulcers
173
Q

Hyoscine

A
  1. Anticholinergic
  2. Hyoscine butylbromide: GI spasms, IBS
    Hyoscine hydrobromine: Motion sickness
  3. Butybromide: 20mg QID
    Hydrobromide: 0.3-0.6mg half an hour before travelling and repeated Q4-6H PRN
  4. Anticholinergic effects
  5. Label 12
    S/E: Dizziness, blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation
174
Q

Indapamide

A
  1. Thiazide like diuretic
  2. HTN
  3. 1.25-2.5mg daily in the morning
  4. BP
    Renal/ hepatic function
    U+E
  5. Label 16
    Can take up to 4 weeks to reduce BP
    Take in the MORNING
    S/E: dry mouth, thirst, lack of energy, palpitations, muscle cramps
175
Q

Ipratropium

A
  1. Short acting anticholinergic
  2. Symptom relief of Asthma and COPD
  3. MDI: 40-80microg (TWO to FOUR puffs) TDS to QID PRN
    Neb: 250-500 microg QID
    Nasal spray: 44-88 microg into each nostril 2-3 times daily
  4. Symptom control
    Device technique
  5. Can cause dry mouth, throat irritation, cough, headache, N+V
    Nasal spray can cause nose bleeds and nasal dryness
    Do not let the spray from inhaler come into contact with the eyes
    Asthma action plan
    Tell doctor if you have eye pain or discomfort, blurred vision or difficulty urinating
176
Q

Isosorbide dinitrate

A
  1. Nitrates
  2. Prevention ad treatment of angina
    Heart failure
  3. Chronic angina: 10-40mg up to TDS
    Acute angina: 5-10mg if no effect after 2 tablets in 10 minutes call ambulance
  4. BP
  5. Label 16
    Sublingual tablets: Isordil
    Oral tablets: Sorbidin
    Can be used before activity that can cause angina
    Sit or lie down before use- dizziness
    S/E: Headache, flushing, hypotension, bradycardia or reflex tachycardia
177
Q

Isosorbide mononitrate

A
  1. Nitrate
  2. Prevention of angina
  3. 30- 120mg daily
  4. BP
    Angina control
    Renal function
  5. Label 16
    Take ONCE daily at the same time each day
    Take at time of day angina is most frequent
    S/E: Headaches, hypotension, tachycardia
    Not to be used in acute angina
178
Q

Itraconazole

A
  1. Azole (antifungal)
  2. Various candidiasis where topical therapy has failed
    Tinea corporis, cruris or pedis resistant to topical therapy
    Onychomycosis
  3. 100-400mg daily
  4. Renal/ Hepatic function
    Serum potassium
    Plasma concentration in children and immunocompromised patients
  5. Label 4b, 5
    S/E: Dizziness, headaches, dyspepsia, N+V
    Tell your doctor if you are feeling unusually tired, nauseous, dark urines, pale stools or yellowing of the white in the eye
179
Q

Ivabradine

A
  1. Antianginal
  2. Stable angina
    Stable CHF in sinus rhythm and HR > 77
  3. 2.5-7.5 BD
  4. HR
    Hepatic function
    Monitor for AF
  5. Label 5, 12, 18, 21
    Take with food
    Your vision may become blurred, see bright spots of light when there are sudden changes in brightness
    If you start feeling dizzy, SOB, tired- see doctor
180
Q

Lactulose

A
  1. Osmotic laxative
  2. Constipation
    Hepatic encephalopathy
  3. 15-30 ML daily
    Hepatic encephalopathy: 30-34 ML TDS
  4. Bowel motions
  5. Normal works in 1-2 days
    Can be taken undiluted or with water or juice. Works best taken with a full glass of water
    Can cause mild bloating, flatulence and abdo cramps
    Suitable for long term use
    Caution in diabetes
181
Q

Lamotrigine

A
  1. Anti-epileptic
  2. Partial and generalised seizures
    Bipolar
  3. Monotherapy: 100-200mg daily in 1 or 2 doses
    Adjunct therapy: If taking valproate: titrate slowly 25mg every second day and increase every 2 weeks
    If taking enzyme inducers: 50mg daily and increase every 1-2 weeks. Higher doses may be required.
  4. Rash
    Changes in mood and behaviour
    BMD
  5. Label 1, 9, 21
    If you develop a rash, fever or swollen glands: see doctor
    S/E: Blurred vision, dizziness, N+V, SJS, somnolence
182
Q

Ethosuximide

A
  1. Antiepileptic
  2. Absence seizures
  3. 250mg BD (MAX 750mg daily)
  4. Concentration monitoring- rare
    Changes in mood or behaviour
  5. Label 9, 12
    May cause drowsiness or dizziness
    May increase the effects of alcohol
    Contact doctor if you have fevers, sore throat, bruising or rash
183
Q

Levetiracetam

A
  1. Antiepileptic
  2. Partial seizures
  3. 500-1500mg BD
  4. Changes in mood or behaviour
    Renal/ Hepatic function
  5. Label 1, 9
    S/E: Dizziness, weakness, headaches, diarrhoea, insomnia
    Can increase the effects of alcohol
    Mixture can be diluted in water
184
Q

Levodopa with decarboxylse

A
  1. Dopamine precursor
  2. Parkinsons disease
  3. 300-800mg in divided doses. Max 2g/ day
  4. Monitor for development of impulse control disorders (gambling, compulsive buying)
    Melanomas (skins checks)
    EPSE
  5. Label 4a, 9, 16
    Take at the same time every day
    If you have episodes of day time sleep- tell doctor
    S/E: involuntary jerks, mental changes, sudden loss of mobility, GI bleeding, orthostatic hypotension
    Avoid taking with meals, especially high protein meals (reduces absorption)
    Dispersible tablets for swallowing difficulties
185
Q

Loperamide

A
  1. Opioid antidiarrhoeal
  2. Diarrhoea
  3. 4mg initially then 2mg after each bowel motion. Max 8 tablets a day
  4. Hepatic function
  5. Your symptoms should clear within 2-3 days
    If diarrhoea persist for 72 hours- see doctor
186
Q

Medroxyprogesterone

A
  1. Progestogen
  2. Contraception
    HRT
  3. HRT: 10-20mg daily for 10-14 days of the month or 2.5-5mg daily continuously
    Contraception: 150mg IM every 3 months
  4. Chest pain or leg pain
    Side effects
  5. Label 12, 21
    You have changes in your menstrual pattern- irregular, heavy or continuous bleeds or spotting. Or they can stop altogether
    S/E: Abdo pain or discomfort, breast tenderness, fluid retention, nausea, weight gain
187
Q

Melatonin

A
  1. Melatonin receptor agonist
  2. Insomnia
  3. 2mg nocte 1-2 hours before bedtime
  4. Sleep hygiene
  5. Take only for as long as the doctor instructs
    S/E: diarrhoea, abdominal pain, joint pains, back pain, dizziness, cough, and inflammation of the throat and nasal passages.
    Sleep hygiene
188
Q

Memantine

A
  1. NMDA antagonist
  2. Alzheimer’s disease
  3. 5mg up to 20mg DAILY
  4. Cognitive function
    Renal function
    Trialled for 6 months to determine its effectiveness
  5. Label 12
    Should be take at the same time each day, usually in the morning
    S/E: CNS effects (confusion, hallucinations, drowsiness), Insomnia
189
Q

Methadone

A
  1. Opioid analgesic
  2. Mild to mod pain
    Opioid substitution for opioid dependency
  3. Analgesic:
    Opioid substitution: up to Max 80mg/ day5-10mg Q6-8H. Chronic use, give 12 hourly
  4. Pain control
    Renal and Hepatic function
    Respiratory depression
    Tolerance and dependence
  5. Label 1, 18
    S/E: drowsiness, constipation, N+V
190
Q

Methylphenidate

A
  1. CNS psychostimulant
  2. ADHD
    Narcolepsy
  3. ADHD: IR: 10mg DAILY up to 60mg
    CR: 18mg DAILY up to 72mg
    Narcolepsy: 5mg BD up to 30mg BD
  4. Hepatic function
    Child: Weight and height if growth is a concern
  5. Label 5, 12
    If you have trouble sleeping, avoid taking tablet after 1pm
    Swallow tablets whole
    Take with food if nausea is an issue
    S/E: Tremor, insomnia, nervousness, dizziness, cough, dry mouth and reduced appetite.
    Drug holidays are recommended in children to prevent growth inhibition
191
Q

Metoprolol

A
  1. Beta blocker
  2. HTN
    Angina
    Tacharrthythmias
    MI
    CHF
  3. 25mg-50mg DAILY or BD
    HTN: 50-100mg DAILY or BD
    HF: CR: Initially 23.75mg daily up to 190mg daily
  4. HR/ BP
    ECG/ Cardiac function
    Hepatic function
  5. Label 9, 12
    You will feel tired, fatigue initially. Will improve
    S/E: Dizzines, fatigue, indigestion, constipation, dry mouth, bradycardia, postural hypotension, blurred vision
192
Q

Metronidazole

A
  1. Nitroimidazole
  2. Anaerobe infections
    C diff
    Aspiration pneumoni
  3. 200-400mg BD to TDS
    IV 500mg BD
  4. FBE/ CRP
    Hepatic function
  5. Label 2, 5
    Take until finished
    Take with food
    S/E: N+V, abdo pain, metallic taste
    If you develop tingling or numbness in the hands and feet, stop taking and see doctor
193
Q

Mianserin

A
  1. TCA
  2. Major depression
  3. 30-90mg in THREE doses or a single dose at NIGHT
  4. Effect
    Renal/ hepatic function
    Signs of suicidality
  5. Label 1, 9, 16
    Medication takes time to work
    S/E: Dry mouth, tiredness, dizziness, constipation
    If you notice any signs of infection- tell doctor
194
Q

Minoxidil

A
  1. Peripheral vasodilator
  2. Severe refractory HTN
    Alopecia
  3. HTN: 5-40mg DAILY (Max 100mg/ day)
    Alopecia: Apply 1mL BD
  4. Hair growth?
    BP
  5. Label 16 (oral)
    May take up to 4 months to show any improvement of hair growth, if there is no improvement in 6 months, stop treatment.
    When you stop using, hair that has grown will disappear again in a few weeks.
    S/E: topical- itching, dry skin and flaking
    Oral: Peripheral oedema, weight gain, tachycardia, hypotension
    Should be massaged on to dry hair and scalp then allowed to dry.
195
Q

Mirtazapine

A
  1. Tetracyclic antidepressant
  2. Major depression
  3. 15-60mg NOCTE
  4. Effect in 6 weeks
    Renal/ hepatic function
    Change in mood or suicidal thoughts
  5. Label 1, 9, 12
    Will take time to work
    Take at night as it can cause drowsiness
    S/E: increase appetite, weight gain, nausea, dry mouth. skin rash
196
Q

Moclobemide

A
  1. Reversible MAO inhibitor
  2. Major depression
  3. 300-600mg DAILY in 1 or 2 doses
  4. hepatic function
    Change in mood or suicidal thoughts
  5. Label 5, 9, 12
    Take with food
    Will take time to work
    If this medication causes you problems sleeping, take in the morning. If you are on BD dose, take 2nd dose in the early afternoon
    S/E: Sleep disturbances, dizziness, nausea, headaches, hypotension, nightmare, hallucinations, visual isturbances
197
Q

Montelukast

A
  1. Leukotriene receptor antagonist
  2. Maintenance treatment of Asthma
    Allergic rhinitis
  3. Adult (15+): 10mg daily
    Child: 2-5 years- 4mg, 6-14 years- 5mg
  4. Frequency of asthma attacks
  5. This medication will not provide quick relief of symptoms. Not used at a reliever
    Taken every day in the evening to help control symptoms
    If you start experiencing mood or behavioural changes, insomnia, nightmares, sleepwalking, tremor or hallucinations, tell your doctor.
    Asthma action plan
    S/E: headache, abdo pain, nausea, dizziness
198
Q

Morphine

A
  1. Opioid analgesic
  2. Mod- severe pain
    Dyspnoea
  3. Titrate according to response.
    Orally: IR 5-20mg Q4h, CR 5-60mg Q12H
    IM/SC- higher doses are seen in pallative care
  4. Respiratory depession
    Tolerance/ dependence
    Constipation
    Renal/hepatic function
    Analgesic effect
  5. Label 1
    Do not crush of chew controlled released tablets
    If cannot swallow, can open MS mono or kapanol and mix with water or food
    S/E: N+V, constipation, drowsiness, light headedness
199
Q

Moxonidine

A
  1. Centrally acting antihypertension (reduces sympathetic tone)
  2. HTN
  3. 200-400microg DAILY up to 300microg BD
  4. BP
    Renal function
    Other medications: TCA, CNS depressants
  5. Label 1, 9, 12, 16
    This medication takes at least 2 weeks to lower blood pressure
    S/E: dry mouth, headache, nausea, anxiety
200
Q

Nedocrimil

A
  1. Mast cell stabaliser
  2. Maintenance treatment of astma
    Prevention of exercise induced broncoconstriction
  3. 4mg QID (use BD when stabilised)
  4. Device technique
    Assess response in 2-4 week trial
  5. Works best when used regularly, not a reliever (do not use in an asthma attack)
    Asthma action plain
    Clean inhaler mouthpiece regularly to prevent blockage of the nozzle
    It will take a couple weeks to notice a improvement in symtpoms
    S/E: headache, cough, nausea, dyspepsia, abdo pain, throat irritation
    How to used and clean device
201
Q

Nicorandil

A
  1. Anti anginal agent
  2. Prevention and treatment of stable angina
  3. 5-20mg BD
  4. Hepatic function
    chest pains
  5. Label 9, 12
    Can initially cause headaches, this should decrease with continued use
    If you develop mouth ulcers, sores or ulcers elsewhere on your body- tell doctor
    If you have wounds, ulcers or skin problems that are slow to heal- tell doctor
    S/E: oral, GI, skin ulceration, increased HR, lack of energy, palpitations, flushing
202
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A
  1. Antibacterial
  2. Acute lower UTI
    Prophylaxis or long term suppression of recurrent UTI
  3. Treatment: 50-100mg QID (3 days for females/ 14 days for males)
    Proph: 50-100mg nocte
  4. Long term(>6 months): pulmonary, renal and hepatic function
  5. Label 12
    Take with food to reduce nausea and improve absorption
    Spaces doses out evenly
    If you develop chest pain, a cough, difficulty breathing, or numbness or tingling- seek medical attention
    Watch for any allergic reactions
    Your urine may turn brown while taking this
    Soft contact lenses can be stained- consider using disposable lenses
    S/E: nausea, abdo pain, hepatic/ pulmonary toxicity, SJS, blood dyscrasias
203
Q

Norfloxacin

A
  1. Fluoroquinolone antibiotic
  2. UTI
    Travellers diarrhoea
    More
  3. 400mg BD
  4. Renal impairment
    Other medications
    5 . Label 3b, 4, 8, 12
    Take until finished
    If you develop severe pain, swelling or tenderness in tendons- tell doctor
    Drink plenty of fluids and avoid taking urinary alkalinisers
    Effects of caffeine can be increased by this medication
204
Q

Nystatin

A
  1. Antifungal
  2. Candida infections
  3. Oral drop: 1mL QID
    Cream: Vaginal thrush: ONE appilcator DAILY or BD for 14 days
    Other: apply BD to TDS
    Tablet: 500 000 to 1 million units TDS
  4. Improvement in symptoms
  5. Swirl the drops in the mouth for as long as possible then swallow
    Avoid eating and drinking for 1 hours after dose
    Continue treatment and for 2 days after symptoms disappear
    S/E: N+V, diarrhoea
    Topical: localised irritation, rash
205
Q

Oseltamivir

A
  1. Neuraminidase inhibitor antiviral
  2. Influenza A or B
  3. Treatment: 75mg BD
    Prevention: 75mg daily
  4. Renal function
  5. Take until all finished
    Take with food if nausea is an issue
    If can’t swallow, open capsules and mix with soft foods
206
Q

Paliperidone

A
  1. Antipsychotic
  2. Schizophrenia
  3. 3-12mg daily
  4. Lipids, BSL, weight
    BP, signs of EPSE
    LFT, FBE
    Renal function
  5. Label 1, 16
    Take every MORNING at the same time in the same way (with or without food)
    The tablets are in a special shell that dose not dissolve completely. You may notice it in your stools
207
Q

Paroxetine

A
  1. SSRI
  2. Major depression
  3. 10-60mg daily
  4. Mood changes/ suicidal thoughts
    Renal/ hepatic function
  5. Label 5, 9, 12
    Will take a couple weeks to work
    Take in the morning unless is causes drowsiness
    S/E: Postural hypotension, weight gain, tachycardia, sweating, tremors, decreased appetite, dry mouth, constipation
208
Q

Perhexiline

A
  1. Antianginal
  2. Angina refractory to other drugs
  3. 100mg daily. Adjust according to concentration monitoring. Dose varies due to different metaboliser
  4. LFT
    Weight
    BSL
    Therapeutic drug monitor when first starting on medication
  5. Label 5, 12
    This medicine can initially cause nausea and dizziness, these should disappear with continued use.
    If you develop numbness or pins and needles in your fingers or toes, weakness, difficulty walking, loss of appetite or excessive weight loss, tell doctor
    You will need to have regular blood tests while you are taking this medicine.
209
Q

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

A
  1. Penillcin antibiotic
  2. S. pyogenes tonsillitis, pharyngitis or skin infections
    Prevention of rheumatic fever
  3. 250-500mg Q6H
  4. Sensitivities
    Improvement in infection
    Longer treatments: FBE, renal/hepatic function
  5. Label 3b
    Space doses evenly through the day
    S/E: Diarrhoea, nausea
    Watch for any allergic reactions
210
Q

Phenytoin

A
  1. Antiepileptic
  2. Generalised/ partial seizures
    Status epilepticus
  3. Usual 200-500mg in 1-2 doses
  4. Concentration monitoring
    BP/ ECG/ respiratory function (IV)
    BMD/ vit D
    Changes in mood or behaviour
    Other medications
    Hepatic function
    Renal function- albumin levels
  5. Label 5, 9, 12
    S/E: N+V, constipation, dizziness, headache, insomnia and enlargement of the gums.
    If you develop a fever, rash, itchy skin, sore throat, unusual bruising or bleeding, joint pains, yellow skin or eyes, or dark urine, tell doctor
    See dentist regularly + good dental hygiene
211
Q

Pioglitazone

Rosiglitazone

A
  1. PPAR gamma/ thiazolidinediones
  2. T2DM
  3. Pioglitazone: 15-30mg up to 45mg daily
    Rosiglitazone: 4-8mg daily
  4. BSL/ Hba1c
    Hepatic function
    Lipids/ BMD (in women)
    CHD
  5. Label 10a
    If you develop swollen feet and ankles, breathlessness, fatigue, N+V, abdo pain, loss of appetite or dark urine
    Stop treatment if no effect after 6 month
    Use cautiously with other antidiabetes (hypo)
212
Q

Pizotifen

A
  1. Serotonin antagonist antimigraine agent
  2. Prevention of recurrent migraines and cluster headaches
  3. Initially 0.5mg NOCTE up to 1.5mg NOCTE. (Max 3-4.5mg)
  4. Renal/ hepatic function
    Other medications: those that lower seizer threshold, CNS depressants
  5. Label 1
    This is to prevent migraines, it will not stop a migraine if it has started
    If you develop yellow of the eyes, pale stools or dark urine, unusual tiredness- see doctor
    S/E: Increase appetite, weight gain, nausea, dizziness, dry mouth, constipation
213
Q

Potassium chloride

A
  1. Potassium supplemnet
  2. Hypokalemia
  3. 600-3600mg in 1-3 doses. Guided by potassium levels
  4. U+E- potassium levels
  5. Take with food
    Swallow whole
    If you develop severe N+V, flatulence or diarrhoea- see doctor
    If you have difficulty swallowing - see doctor
214
Q

Pramipexole

Ropinirole

A
  1. Dopamine agonist
  2. Parkinson’s disease,
    restless leg syndrome
  3. Pramipexole: 125 microg up to 1.5mg TDS (Max 4.5mg Daily)
    CR: give same dose ONCE daily
    Restless legs: up to 750 microg daily
    Ropinirole: 0.25mg DAILY slowly increase up to 2mg DAILY> (Max 5mg/ daily)
  4. Renal/ hepatic function
    Signs of impulse disorder
  5. Label 12
    Pramipexole: 1, 9, 16
    You can experience sudden daytime sleepiness- avoid driving and tell doctor
    Ropinirole: Take up to 3 hours before bedtime
215
Q

Prasugrel

A
  1. Antiplatelet/ Thienopyridines
  2. Prevention of atherothrombic events in ACS
  3. Give with low dose aspirin
    Initially 60mg then 10mg daily
    5mg daily if patient is 75 years
  4. Hepatic function
    Signs of bleeding
  5. Label 9, 10a
    This medication may take longer for bleeding to stop
    If you develop signs of bleeding, usual bruising, dark stools, tell doctor
    Let doctor, pharmacist, dentist know you are on this medication
    S/E: Nausea, diarrhoea, dizziness, cough, rashes, thrombocytopenia, anaemia, hypersensitivity
216
Q

Prazosin

A
  1. Alpha 1 blocker
  2. HTN
    BPH
  3. 0.5mg BD up to 20mg in 2-3 doses
  4. BP
    Renal/ hepatic function
  5. Label 12, 16
    This medication is started slowly to prevent the blood pressure dropping suddenly and causing dizziness, lightheadedness or fainting
    S/E: palpitations, drowsiness, weakness, lack of energy, dry mouth, nausea
    Take at bedtime to avoid fainting after taking the first doses
217
Q

Probenacid

A
  1. Uricosuric
  2. Gout
    Adjunct to b-lactam antibacterial treatment
  3. 0.5-2g in 2-4 doses
  4. FBE
    Renal function
    Other medications
  5. Label 10a
    Take with food
    Drink plenty of fluids to reduce risk of kidney stones
    S/E: Rash, N+V, uric acid stones, headaches, dizziness
218
Q

Propanolol

A
  1. Beta blocker
  2. HTN
    Angina
    MI
    Prevent of migraines
    Tachyarrythmias
  3. HTN: initially: 40mg BD
    maintenence: 120-320mg in 2-3 doses
    Angina/ tremor: 80-320mg in 2-3 doses
    MI: 80mg BD
    Migraine proph: 40-80mg BD
  4. BP/ HR
  5. Label 9, 12
    S/E: Postural hypotension, bradycardia, cold hands and feet, dizziness and light headed
    You may feel tired or lack of energy for a few days
219
Q

PTU

A
  1. Antithyroid hormone
  2. Graves disease
    Thyroid storm
    Short term treatment before surgery
  3. 200-400mg daily in 2-4 doses. Maintenance: 50-800mg daily in divided doses
  4. FBE
    Thyroid levels
    LFT
  5. See doctor immediately if: fever, mouth ulcers, sore throat, rash, severe fatigue, N+V, abdo pain, yellowing of skin or eyes, unusual bleeding or bruising, changes in menstrual periods, coldness, constipation, diarrhoea, dry puffy skin, headaches, listlessness, muscle aches, sleepiness, unusual weight gain or loss, weakness, irritability, rapid or irregular heartbeat.
220
Q

Psuedoephdrine

A
  1. Sympathomimectic decongestant
  2. Relief of nasal congestion associated with rhinitis
  3. 60mg every 4-6 hours
    CR: 120mg Q12H
  4. Existing conditions: HTN, diabetes, hyperthyroid
    potential for misuse
  5. S/E: Insomnia, headache, palpitations, sweating and flushing
221
Q

Quinine

A
  1. Antimalarial
  2. Treatment of malaria
  3. 600mg TDS for 7-14 days (Used with doxy or clinda)
  4. IV therapy: BGL, BP, ECG
  5. Label 18, 21
    If you develop flushing, an itchy rash, fever, difficulty breathing or swelling of the face, seek medical attention
    S/E: N+V, headache, blurred vision and tinnitus
222
Q

Raloxifene

A
  1. Selective oestrogen receptor modulator
  2. Prevention of OP in post menopausal women
    Primary prevention of invasive breast cancer
  3. 60mg DAILY
  4. BMD
    Adequate calcium and vit D levels
    Hepatic function
  5. Can cause hot flushes
    Stop taking if there is prolong immobility or illness- risk of blood clots
223
Q

Rifampicin

A
  1. Anti infective agent
  2. TB
    Other pathogens sensitive
  3. TB: 450-600mg daily
  4. FBE
    LFT/ serum creatinine
  5. Label 3b
    Stop medication if thrombocytopenia occurs
    If you have difficulty swallowing, open capsules and mix with a small amount of water
    S/E: Heartburn, nausea, diarrhoea, weakness.
    Can discolour your faeces, sweat and tears
    If you develop flu like symptoms have taking for several months- see doctor
224
Q

Risedronate

A
  1. Bisphosphonate
  2. Treatment of OP
    Treatment and prevention of corticosteroid OP
    Paget’s disease
  3. 5mg daily or 35mg WEEKLY or 150mg MONTLY
    Paget’s disease: 30mg daily for 2 months
  4. BMD
    Adequate calcium and vit D levels
  5. Label 4
    Take with a full glass of water in the morning. Remain upright for 30mins after the dose
    Take on a empty stomach. except for EC tablets
    Remember to take it ONCE a WEEK or ONCE a MONTH
    If you develop severe pain in bones, joints or muscles, pain on swallowing, chest pain or new heartburn- seek medical attention
225
Q

Roxithromycin

A
  1. Macrolide
  2. LRTI/ URTI
    CAP
    Skin infections
  3. 150mg BD or 300mg daily
  4. INR in patients taking anticoagulants
    Hepatic function
  5. Label 3b
    S/E: N+V, diarrhoea, dyspepsia
    Watch for any allergic reactions

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