Drugs Flashcards
Disulfiram
Blocks Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, with leads to increased tissue levels of acetaldehyde.
Can cause a flush reaction if taken after drinking.
Aversion to alcohol can develop
Naltrexone
EtOH increases B-endorphin release in the Hypothalamus and DA release in the “reward” centers of the brain.
Competitive antagonist of mu opiate receptors that blocks alcohol related reward.
Can cause liver damage in alcoholics
Acamprosate
Analog of endogenous taurine
Potentiates GABAa receptors
Inhibits subunits of NMDA receptors, reducing alcohol withdrawal symptoms
Take 2 at a time
Fomepizole
An ADH inhibitor
Can be effective for methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning.
Dextroamphetamine (Dextrostat)
Short-acting amphetamine preparation
Used for initial ADHD treatment in young children
Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)
Prodrug that is hydrolyzed to D-AMPH
This conversion is associated with less abuse and diversion potential.
Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Short acting methylphenidate preparation (MPH)
Approved for kinds 6 and up.
Atomoxetine
Selective NE reuptake inhibitor (NET inhibitor)
Non-stimulant ADHD drug.
Not traditionally first line.
Not a controlled substance.
Increased dry mouth, constipation, N/V, and insomnia. Could also cause use-limiting sympathomimetic ADRs.
Clonidine
Alpha-2 Adrenergic Receptor Agonist
Not first line, but okay to combine with stimulants.
IR formulations can be problematic due to sedation, dry mouth, and hypotension.
Memantine
NMDA Receptor Antagonist
Used for Moderate-Severe AD
Phenelzine, Tranycypromine, Selegiline
MAO Inhibitors
Selegine
MoA: Irreversibly blocks MAO-B
Used in Parkinson’s and Depressive Disorder.
DDI: Beer, red win, cheese, and other fermented foods.
ADRs: Liver toxicity, CNS stimulation and agitation, Cardiovascular, all antidepressants cause an increase in risk of suicide in people younger than 25.
