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Pharm Final Drugs > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most effecaious of the anti-tussives?

A

Codeine

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2
Q

Category of drug for Codeine?

A

narcotic analgesic, anti-tussive

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3
Q

MOA for Codeine?

A

opiate r/c agonist especially in medulla

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4
Q

What predictable action contributes to addiction to codeine?

A

tolerance

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5
Q

What are the 4 predictable actions of Codeine?

A
  1. sedation
  2. constipation
  3. tolerance
  4. dependence if used for extended period
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6
Q

What is the level of scheduled substance for Codeine?

A

2-5 depending upon dose, usually a 5 when its in the cough syrup

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7
Q

What category of drug is Dextromethorphan?

A

non-narcotic anti-tussive

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8
Q

MOA for dextromethorphan?

A

opiate agonist exclusively in medulla

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9
Q

Is dextromethorphan a scheduled drug?

A

NOPE, OTC

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10
Q

What are the 3 predictable action or characterstic of dextromethorphan?

A
  1. occ. drowsiness
  2. usually combined with other cough/cold meds
  3. DM often on the label
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11
Q

Category of Phenylephrine?

A

sympathomimetic, nasal decongestant

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12
Q

MOA of phenylephrine

A

Alpha 1 agonist (on arterioles)

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13
Q

What are the 3 main distinguishing characteristics of phenylephrine?

A
  1. used in nasal spray
  2. metabolized in liver
  3. 1 hour half life
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14
Q

What is the half life of phenylephrine?

A

1 hour

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15
Q

What are the 4 predictable actions of phenylephrine?

A
  1. constricts vessels in nasal passages
  2. constricts vessels in systemic circulation
  3. may cause hypertension (and thus reflex bradycardia)
  4. use with caution in hypertensive patients
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16
Q

What can happen with repeated administration of the nasal decongestant?

A

rebound congestion

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17
Q

H1 r/c located in ?

A

human bronchial mm

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18
Q

H2 r/c located in?

A

acid-secreting cells of stomach

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19
Q

H3 r/c are located in?

A

neural tissue

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20
Q

What is the brand name of Cetrizine?

A

zyrtec

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21
Q

Category of drug for cetrizine?

A

antihistamine

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22
Q

MOA of cetrizine?

A

H1 r/c antagonist

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23
Q

What is the polarity of cetrizine?

A

more polar than other anti-histamine (more water soluble)= limited CNS effects

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24
Q

Which drug’s distinguishing characteristic is

mild muscarinic antagonist effect?

A

Cetrzine/zyrtec

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25
Q

What are the 5 main predictable actions of cetrizine?

A
  1. reduce histamine-induced inflammation
  2. drowsiness
  3. dry mouth
  4. mild bronchodilation
  5. reduce secretions of nasal passages and upper airway
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26
Q

What is another name for montelukast?

A

singular

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27
Q

category for montelukast?

A

anti-asthmatic

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28
Q

MOA for montelukast?

A

leukotriene antagonist

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29
Q

What are leukotrienes?

A

compounds produced by body as mediators of inflammation

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30
Q

What is the distinguishing characteristic of montelukast?

A

GI discomfort

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31
Q

What are the 3 predictable actions of rmontelukast?

A
  1. best used before asthma attack before leukotriene activates r/cs
  2. reduces bronchoconstriction
  3. reduces edema
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32
Q

Leukotrienes lead to –>

A

bronchoconstriction and secretion

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33
Q

Thromboxane leads to –>

A

platelet aggregation

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34
Q

Prostacyclin leads to –>

A

HCl reduction and gastric mucosal protection

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35
Q

Prostaglandins leads to –>

A

pain, fever and pericapillary leakage

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36
Q

Category of Albuterol (3) ?

A

sympathomimetic, bronchodilator, anti-asthmatic

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37
Q

MOA of albuterol?

A

selective B2 agonist

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38
Q

What is the half life of albuterol?

A

2 hour half life

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39
Q

where is albuerol metabolizd?

A

hepatic metabolism

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40
Q

in what forms is albuterol effective?

A

effective orally and via inhalation

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41
Q

What are the 3 distinguishing characteristics of albuterol?

A
  1. effective orally and via inhalation
  2. hepatic metabolism
  3. 2 hour half life
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42
Q

What are 4 preditable actions of albuterol?

A
  1. bronchodilation
  2. minimal tachycardia
  3. no effects on secretions
  4. stimulates Beta 2 r/c throughout the body
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43
Q

How can albuterol effect the uterus and pancreas?

A

can relax a gravid uterus, stimulate pancreas and increase insulin

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44
Q

Epinephrine category?

A

Sympathomimetic

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45
Q

MOA of epinephrine?

A

alpha and beta agonist

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46
Q

3 distinguishing characterics of epinephrine?

A
  1. metabolized at site of action in plasma
  2. ineffective orally, use IV or via inhalation
  3. half life = minutes
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47
Q

What drug would you use as a adjunct to local anesthesia to enhance the duration of the drug?

A

epinephrine, vasoconstriction keeps the drug there longer

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48
Q

What are 4 predictable actions of epinephrine?

A
  1. rapid bronchodilation
  2. tachycardia
  3. vasoconstriction
  4. ER use such as anaphylaxis
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49
Q

category for corticosteroids?

A

anti-inflammatory

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50
Q

MOA for corticosteroid?

A

inhibit steps in inflammatory reponse

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51
Q

2 distinguishing characterics of corticosteroid?

A
  1. steroid- highly lipid soluble

2. sometimes used as alternative day therapy to diminish side effects

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52
Q

What are the 4 main predictable actions of cortico

A
  1. hypoadrenalism
  2. infections
  3. CNS stimulation with insomnia
  4. fluid retention
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53
Q

Name for nasalcrom

A

cromolyn sodium

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54
Q

is nasalcrom OTC?

A

yes

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55
Q

how does cromolyn sodium work?

A

prevents release of histamine from mast cell, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils

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56
Q

What else can you use cromolyn sodium for?

A

asthma

- prophylaxis of asthma attacks after several weeks, not acute; may allow patient to reduce dose of other meds

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57
Q

What is the longer name for mucomyst?

A

NAC, N-acetlycysteine

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58
Q

What category of drug would you describe NAC?

A

mucolytic- decreases viscosity of mucus, COPD, allergies

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59
Q

MOA of NAC?

A

breaks disulfide bonds, decreasing mucus viscosity, replenishes glutathione

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60
Q

What can you use NAC to treat as an IV?

A

treat acetaminophen overdose

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61
Q

Category of Theophylline?

A

bronchodilator

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62
Q

MOA of theophylline?

A

inhibits phosphodiesterase activity –> decreased breakdown of cAMP –> more bronchodilation

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63
Q

Distinguishing characteristics of theophylline? (3)

A
  1. methylxanthine
  2. maintenance therapy in asthma, slow onset not helpful in acute
  3. nausea, vomiting
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64
Q

What are some predictable actions/side effects of theophylline?

A

HAs, insomnia, tachycardia, dizziness, seizures, interacts with sympathomimetics

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65
Q

What is another name for zoloft?

A

sertraline

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66
Q

what category of drug is sertraline?

A

antidepressant

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67
Q

MOA of sertraline

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibition SSRI

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68
Q

what is the distinguishing characteristic for sertraline?

A

must “titrate” dose for optimum effect

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69
Q

what drug must you “titrate” dose for optimum effect?

A

sertraline

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70
Q

What are the side effects of sertraline? (4)

A

related to serotonin activity

  1. insomnia
  2. headache
  3. nausea
  4. dry mouth
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71
Q

what is another name for trazadone?

A

desyrel

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72
Q

what category of drug is trazadone?

A

anti-depressant

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73
Q

MOA of trazadone?

A

non-selective neurotransmitter reuptake inhibition

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74
Q

what is the distinguishing characteristic of trazadone?

A

increase levels of serotonin, norepi, and dopamine in central and peripheral synapses

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75
Q

what are similar drugs to trazadone?

A

venlafaxine (effexor)

bupropion (wellbutrin)

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76
Q

what are the side effects of trazaone?

A

related to all of the neurotransmitters

  1. HTN or hypotension
  2. tachycardia
  3. insomnia
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77
Q

What is the other name for xanax?

A

alprazolam

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78
Q

what category is alprazolam?

A

anxiolytic, sedative hypnotic, anti-epileptic, muscle relaxant

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79
Q

MOA for alprazolam?

A

GABA r/c agonist (GABA is an inhibitory NE)

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80
Q

What are the 4 distinguishing characteristics of alprazolam?

A
  1. benzodiazepine
  2. Schedule 4 substance
  3. pregnancy category D
  4. metabolized by cytochrome P450 system of liver
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81
Q

What are the 4 predictable effects of alprazolam?

A
  1. drowsiness and diminished alertness
  2. interacts with drugs metabolized by same isoenzymes (many)
  3. contraindicated with alcohol, other CNS depressants, pregnancy
  4. Rx anxiety, panic attack, social anxiety
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82
Q

Category of drug: hydrocodone?

A

analgesic

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83
Q

what is an antidote for hydrocodone?

A

maloxone (narcotic analgesic and bind to opiate r/c, its an antagonist)

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84
Q

how does maloxone work?

A

narcotic analgesic and bind to opiate r/c, its an antagonist)

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85
Q

MOA for hydrocodone?

A

opiate r/c agonist (esp. thalamus, brainstem, gut, eye)

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86
Q

What schedule is hydrocodone?

A

scheduled 2-3

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87
Q

what are the 2 distinguishing characteristics for hydrocodone?

A
  1. scheduled 2-3

2. tolerance upon repeated use

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88
Q

What are 4 predictable actions of hydrocodone?

A
  1. pain less objectionable and localizable
  2. depresses respiratory center, overdose causes apnea
  3. physical and psychological dependence
  4. miosis, constipation
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89
Q

What are two similar drugs to hydrocodone?

A

oxycodone and morphine

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90
Q

What is another name for tramadol?

A

ultram

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91
Q

category of drug for tramadol?

A

analgesic

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92
Q

MOA of tramadol?

A

opiate r/c agonist (weak) and serotonin reuptake inhibitor and Norepi releaser

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93
Q

what are the 3 distinguishing characteristics of tramadol?

A
  1. schedule 4
  2. about 1/10 potency of morphine, but converted to more potent opioid metabolite which produces analgesia
  3. inhibits serotonin r/c (esp. presynaptic)
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94
Q

What are 4 predictable actions of tramadol?

A
  1. analgesic for mod-severe pain
  2. lower efficacy than other narcotic analgesics
  3. slower onset of action (1-2) due to activation by metabolism
  4. avoid use with anti-depressants
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95
Q

what is the onset of action for tramadol?

A

1-2 hours, slow, d/t activation by metabolism

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96
Q

Category of drug: Caffeine?

A

CNS stimulant, adrenergic stimulant

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97
Q

MOA of caffeine

A

inhibit phosphodiesterase resulting in increased cGMP which is 2nd messenger in adrenergic tranmission

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98
Q

What are the 3 predictable actions of caffeine?

A
  1. increased cortical activity d/t adrenergic activity
  2. Cardiac Beta 1 stimulation w/ tachycardia
  3. Bronchial B 2 stimulation w/ bronchodilation
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99
Q

What substances belong to the methylxanthines group?

A

Caffeine, Theophylline, theobromine and aminophylline

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100
Q

What is the MOA for methylxanthines?

A

all methylxanthines inhibit phosphodiesterase and increase adrenergic activity

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101
Q

Where can you find caffeine, theophylline and theobromine?

A

occur naturally in coffee, tea and chocolate

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102
Q

What do you combine caffeine with to enhance analgesia?

A

NSAIDS

103
Q

What category of drug is amphetamine?

A

ANS sympathomimetic, CNS stimulant

104
Q

MOA of amphetamine?

A
  1. stimulate release of norepi and dopamine (esp. in ANS)

2. inhibits MAO and norepi reuptake (esp CNS)

105
Q

Distinguishing characteristics of Amphetamine?

A
  1. enters CNS

2. many related compounds creating a family of amphetamines

106
Q

What are the predicted actions of Amphetamine stimulating Alpha and Beta r/cs by norepi?

A
  1. vasoconstriction
  2. cardiac stimulation
  3. increased blood pressure
  4. mydriasis
107
Q

What are the predicted actions of Amphetamine CNS stimulation?

A
  1. Euphoria
  2. insomnia
  3. anxiety
  4. loss of appetite
  5. hyperthermia
108
Q

What can amphetamines be used to treat? (3)

A
  1. narcolepsy
  2. obesity
  3. ADHD
109
Q

Is amphetamine a scheduled substance?

A

Yes, high abuse potential makes it a scheduled substance

110
Q

What is another name for methylphenidate?

A

Ritalin

111
Q

What category of drug is methylphenidate?

A

CNS stimulant

112
Q

MOA of ritalin/methylphenidate?

A

inhibits reuptake of norepi in CNS (esp prefrontal cortex)

113
Q

What are 2 predicted actions/uses for methylphenidate?

A
  1. treat ADHD (condition that is thought to result from diminished adrenergic regulation in prefrontal cortex)
  2. narcolepsy
114
Q

Category of drug: levodopa?

A

anti-parkinson

115
Q

MOA of levodopa?

A

replace dopamine, the neurotransmitter that is absent in Parkinson’s dz

116
Q

what is levodopa converted to?

A

dopamine

117
Q

Where is levodopa converted into dopamine?

A

brain

118
Q

where is dopamine destroyed?

A

Gut

119
Q

does dopamine cross the BBB?

A

nope

120
Q

what category of drug is dopamine?

A

sympathomimetic

121
Q

what are the predictable actions of levodopa?

A
  1. sympathomimeitc side effects
  2. often given with carbidopa (a drug that prevents the conversion of dopa to dopamine in periphery) to reduce sympathomimetic side effects
122
Q

What does carbidopa do?

A

a drug that prevents the conversion of dopa to dopamine in periphery, reduces sympthomimetic side effects

123
Q

Another name for phenytoin

A

dilantin

124
Q

category of med is phenytoin?

A

antiseizure

125
Q

MOA of phenytoin

A

inhibit Na channels

126
Q

Predictable actions of phenytoin?

A
  1. accelerates metabolism of valproate, digoxin, steroids, vit K
  2. monitor plasma levels esp when changing formulations
  3. folate-related side effects and teratologies
127
Q

Indications for phenytoin?

A
  1. partial seizures

2. generalized tonic-clonic seizures

128
Q

side effects of phenytoin?

A
  1. interferes with folate metabolism
  2. causes gingival hyperplasia
  3. may cause hirsutism
129
Q

Which drug is a hydantoin derivative (formerly known as diphenylhydantoin)

A

phenytoin

130
Q

Where is phenytoin metabolized?

A

cytochrome p450 system (induces CYP3A4 isoenzyme)

131
Q

What is the solubility of phenytoin?

A

poor water solubility causes variable bioavailability

132
Q

what is the other name for neurontin?

A

gabapentin

133
Q

category of gabapentin?

A

antiseizure

134
Q

MOA of gabapentin?

A

increases release of GABA

135
Q

unique characteristics of gabapentin? (3)

A
  1. short half life
  2. few side effects
  3. indications: adjunct to other antiseizure drugs
136
Q

Predictable actions of gabapentin?

A
  1. Rx several times daily
  2. rx broad spectrum of seizures
  3. skeletal muscle relaxation
137
Q

What is another name for procaine?

A

novocaine

138
Q

category of drug: procaine?

A

local anesthetic

139
Q

MOA for procaine?

A

Na channel inhibition

140
Q

3 distinguishing characteristics of procaine?

A
  1. ester-linked
  2. first synthetic local anesthetic
  3. diminished contemporary use
141
Q

What is the first synthetic local anesthetic?

A

procaine

142
Q

What are the predictable qualities of procaine (3)?

A
  1. quickly metabolized
  2. metabolized to PABA
  3. high incidence of hypersensitivity
143
Q

What is another name for lidocaine?

A

xylocaine

144
Q

Category of drug: lidocaine?

A

local anesthetic

145
Q

MOA for lidocaine?

A

Na channel inhibition

146
Q

What anesthetic is used as an antiarrythmic

A

lidocaine

147
Q

what are 2 preparations for lidocaine?

A

topical and parenteral preparations

148
Q

what are 3 distinguishing characteristics of lidocaine?

A
  1. amide-linked local anesthetic
  2. topical and parenteral preperations
  3. used as antiarrythmic
149
Q

What are 3 predictable qualities of lidocaine?

A
  1. MC used local anesthetic
  2. low incidence of hypersensitivity
  3. wide variance of applications
150
Q

what is the most commonly used local anesthetic?

A

lidocaine

151
Q

Category of drug: benzocaine?

A

local anesthetic

152
Q

MOA of benzocaine

A

Na channel inhibition

153
Q

3 distinguishing characteristics of benzocaine

A
  1. ester-linked
  2. low solubility
  3. used topically
154
Q

How is benzocaine applied?

A

topically

155
Q

2 predictable qualities of benzocaine (what is it used for and is it prescribed?

A
  1. sunburn ointments

2. OTC

156
Q

What is another name for alendronate?

A

fosamax

157
Q

MOA of alendronate?

A

Prevent bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclasts

  1. prevent attachment of osteoclast precursor cells to bone
  2. decrease metabolic activity of osteoclasts
158
Q

Category of drug: alendronate?

A

bone resorption inhibitors

159
Q

How much of alendronate is absorbed from GI tract

A

less than 5%, less with food

160
Q

when will alendronate be taken?

A

30 min before eating in AM

161
Q

How much of the alendronate is deposited in bone?

A

Half

162
Q

With what substance is alendronate adsorbed to? Does it remain there

A

Adsorb to hydroxyapatite, and remains in bone

163
Q

Can alendronate irritate any GI structures?

A

can irritate the esophagus

164
Q

how do you avoid esophagus erosions with alendronate?

A

prevented by remaining UPRIGHT

165
Q

What is the half life of alendronate?

A

Very long half-life 1 to 10 years

166
Q

What do you prescribe alendronate for?

A

Rx Osteoporosis, Paget’s dz, hypercalcemia

167
Q

Category of levothyroxine

A

thyroid drug

168
Q

MOA of levothyroxine

A

Bind to gene r/c in cell nucleus where hormone modulates genetic transcription and protein synthesis

169
Q

What is the name of T4

A

tetraiodothyronine

170
Q

Where is T4 converted to T3

A

in periphery

171
Q

Which is the active form of thyroid?

A

T3

172
Q

half life of levothyroxine?

A

7 days

173
Q

what is the % bioavailability following oral administration of levothyroxine?`

A

80%

174
Q

where is levothyroxine metabolized?

A

cytochrome P450 system

175
Q

T/F levothyroxine is highly lipid soluble and highly protein bound?

A

True, 99%+

176
Q

how long does it take levothyroxine to work or show signs of working?

A

slow onset of action (week or more)

177
Q

How often will the patient take levothyroxine?

A

daily administration

178
Q

will levothyroxine have drug or herb interactions?

A

YES, numerous drug and herb interactions due to metabolism and protein binding

179
Q

What is the drug of choice for replacement and suppression therapy of the thyroid by most physicians?

A

Levothyroxine

180
Q

Another name for levothyroxine?

A

synthyroid

181
Q

another name for cytomel?

A

liothyronine

182
Q

category of drug: liothyronine?

A

thyroid drug

183
Q

MOA of liothyronine

A

bind to nuclear r/c that cause gene transcription and protein synthesis

184
Q

what type of thyroid is liothyronine?

A

T3

185
Q

% bioavailability of liothyronine?

A

95%

186
Q

is liothyronine more potent than T4

A

Yes, several times more potent

187
Q

Does liothyronine have similar protein binding and metabolism to T4?

A

Yes

188
Q

what are the 2 predicted actions of liothyronine?

A
  1. less physiologic than T4

2. disturb thyroid function tests

189
Q

Another name for metformin

A

glucophage

190
Q

Category of drug: metformin?

A

oral hypoglycemic

191
Q

MOA of metformin?

A

supression of hepatic gluconeogenesis via several molecular mechanisms (hepatic gluconeogenesis is elevated in DM2)

192
Q

what is the most serious side effect of metformin?

A

lactic acidosis
- lactate is substrate for gluconeogenesis. blocking gluconeogenesis decreases uptake of lactate by liver allowing increased plasma lactate levels and lactic acidosis

193
Q

What is the most common side effect of metformin?

A

GI upset, diarrahea (50%)

194
Q

what are two side effects of metformin

A
  1. gi upset

2. lactic acidosis

195
Q

which form of metformin is effective?

A

orally

196
Q

T/F metformin is biguanide

A

T: A member of the class of oral antihyperglycemic agents that works by limiting glucose production and glucose absorption, and by increasing the body’s sensitivity to insulin.

197
Q

What is the first line drug of tx for DM2

A

metformin

198
Q

What should you be cautious about when taking metformin?

A

avoid use with co-morbidities that will increase lactic acid (impaired renal fxn)

199
Q

Is metformin often combined with other oral hypoglycemic agents?

A

yes

200
Q

What is another name for Actos?

A

Piaglitasone

201
Q

category of piaglitasone?

A

oral antidiabetic

202
Q

MOA of piaglitasone?

A

decrease insulin resistance by regulating genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism

203
Q

Predicted action of piaglitasone? (3)

A
  1. treat DM2
  2. slow onset d/t gene regulation
  3. weight gain is common
204
Q

Which medication is a thiazoladinedione?

A

piaglitasone

205
Q

what drug is piaglitasone ofted used in conjunction with?

A

metformin, or other oral antidiabetic agents

206
Q

what is a side effect of piaglitasone?

A

edema, fluid retention

207
Q

3 predicted actions of piaglitasone?

A
  1. treated type 2 DM
  2. slow onset (gene regulation)
  3. weight gain common
208
Q

What drug is used in prediabetics to prevent diabetes

A

piaglitasone

209
Q

MOA of estrogen?

A

bind to estrogen r/c in nuclei of target cells to regulate protein synthesis

210
Q

how can you vary the absorption of estrogen?

A

absorption varies with salt and formulation

211
Q

what are the 3 forms of estrogen that is prescribed?

A
  1. transdermal
  2. oral
  3. parenteral
212
Q

Is estrogen protein bound

A

yes, highly protein bound

213
Q

Will estrogen compete with other drugs

A

Yes, even with thyroid

214
Q

What cancer is estrogen linked to?

A

breast cancer

215
Q

what are 2 uses of estrogen?

A
  1. HRT (post-menopausal)

2. oral contraception

216
Q

category of drug: progesterone?

A

progestin

217
Q

MOA of progesterone?

A

bind to progesterone r/c in nuclei of target cells to regulate gene transcription in diverse cells

218
Q

2 unique characteristics of of progesterone?

A
  1. rapidly absorbed following oral administration

2. metabolized in liver on first pass

219
Q

is progesterone a first pass liver drug?

A

yes

220
Q

What are 2 predictable actions of progesterone?

A
  1. HRT (menopause)

2. contraception

221
Q

category of clomiphene?

A

anti-estrogen

222
Q

MOA of clomiphene

A

partial antagonist at estrogen r/c

223
Q

2 unique characteristics of clomiphene?

A
  1. blocks estrogen r/c in anterior pituitary

2. hot flashes similar to post-menopausal

224
Q

Will there be an increase or decrease of LH and FSH with clomiphene?

A

Increase in LH and FSH

225
Q

how does clomiphene affect the feedback loop?

A

diminishes negative feedback inhibition

226
Q

How does clomiphene affect ovulation?

A

promotes ovulation

227
Q

What is a typical use of clomiphene?

A

used as a fertility med

228
Q

what is the incidence of multiple pregnancy using clomiphene?

A

10%

229
Q

Category of drug: mifepristone?

A

anti-progesterone

230
Q

MOA of mifepristone

A

competitive antagonist of progesterone

231
Q

What is another name for mifepristone?

A

RU 486

232
Q

Mifepristone OTC?

A

some states are considering for OTC approval

233
Q

How does mifepristone affect the endometrium

A

prevents progesterone from maintaining endometrium for implantation

234
Q

what other r/c can mifepristone bind to?

A

glucocorticoid r/c

235
Q

what is the prediction action of mifepristone

A

emerging value as anti-neoplastic agent

236
Q

Another name for mifepristone besides RU486

A

mifiprex

237
Q

Category of Prednisone

A

glucocorticoid

238
Q

MOA of prednisone?

A

modify gene transcription and interfere with inflammatory activities

239
Q

what is prednisone converted to?

A

prednisolone

240
Q

how long does prednisone act?

A

short to medium acting

241
Q

what is the main effect of prednisone?

A

strong anti-inflammatory effect

242
Q

is prednisone effective orally?

A

yes

243
Q

what drug causes modest salt retention activity?

A

prednisone

244
Q

What metabolism does prednisone affect?

A

protein, lipid and carb

245
Q

how does prednisone affect the adrenals?

A

secondary followed by primary adrenal insufficiency with prolonged use

246
Q

What the the side effects of prednisone?

A 
typical glucocorticoid ones
1. Cushing’s-like syndrome (2 weeks of therapy)
2. Osteoporosis
3. Sodium retention
4. Hypertension
5. Muscle wasting
6. Cateracts & glaucoma
7. Infections
8. Peptic ulcers
9. Secondary followed by primary adrenal
insufficiency (Consider alternate day therapy)
10. CNS stimulation with insomnia
247
Q

What’s another name for aspirin?

A

acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)

248
Q

category of drug: Aspirin

A

NSAID

249
Q

MOA of aspirin?

A

inhibition of COX1 and COX2 enzymes, (irreversible)

- serves to diminish pain by decreasing tissues sensitivity to chemical mediators of pain

250
Q

What is the cause of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of aspirin?

A

largely d/t to blockage of prostaglandin synthesis at target tissues

251
Q

what is the anti-pyretic effect of aspirin d/t?

A

blockade of prostaglandin synthesis at thermoregulatory centers in the hypothalamus

252
Q

Aspirin: what does prostaglandin E2 do?

A

thought to sensitize nerve endings to the actions of bradykinins, histamines and other inflammatory mediators

253
Q

What are the 7 distinguishing characteristics of aspirin?

A
  1. oral
  2. readily absorbed from upper GI
  3. metabolized by liver
  4. excreted in urine
  5. increased risk of Reye’s syndrome
  6. salicylism includes dizziness, tinnitus, hyperventilation, mental status changes and potential for coma and death
  7. treatment for salicylism includes IV hydration, alkalinzation of urine and dialysis if renal insufficiency occurs
254
Q

What are 4 predictable actions/uses for aspirin?

A
  1. Rx inflammation, pain, fever
  2. GI side effects including GI irritation, peptic ulcer dz, nausea and vomiting
  3. increased risk of bleeding
  4. prophylactic for stroke and MI

Pharm Final Drugs (2 decks)

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