Drugs for CV disease

Question 1

Name antiplatelet drugs and their mode of action

Answer 1

Aspirin- inhibits platelet aggregation (thromboxane a2 and prostacyclin)

Clopidogrel- ADP induced platelet aggregation

Dipyridamole- platelet phosphodiesterase

Question 2

Name anticoagulant drugs and their mode of action

Answer 2

Warfarin- Inhibits vitamin K dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX, X)

Heparin- Increases activation of antithrombin III

Question 3

Name NOACs and their mode of action

Answer 3

rivaroxiban- activated factor X inhibitor

apixiban- activated factor X inhibitor

dabigatran- direct thrombin inhibitor

Question 4

Name Statins and their mode of action

Answer 4

Simvastatin, atrovastatin, rosuvastatin

inhibit cholesterol synthesis in the liver

*Interactions with azole antibiotics

Question 5

Beta adrenergic receptor blockers (Beta blockers)

Answer 5

Atenolol, Propanolol

Stop arrhythmia leading to VF, reduce heart muscle excitation, postural hypotension

*Also act on lung beta receptors - makes asthma worse

Question 6

Diuretics and their mode of action

Answer 6

Bendroflumethiazide (thiazide diuretics)

Frusemide (loop diuretics)

increase salt and water loss in kidney = reduced cardiac workload and plasma volume

*can cause xerostomia

Question 7

Nitrates and their mode of action

Answer 7

GTN (Glyceryl trinitrate)
Isosorbide mononitrate

used in angina

vasodilation of both arteries and veins
dilate coronary arteries to reduce angina pain

Question 8

Calcium Channel Blockers

Answer 8

Nifedepine, Amlodipine- relax peripheral blood vessels (vasodilation)
Verapamil- negative chronotrope (rate)

Question 9

ACE inhibitors

Answer 9

enalapril, ramapril, lisinopril

Angiotensin I — X — Angiotensin II
Prevent Aldosterone dependent reabsorption of salt and water

Question 10

Angiotensin II blockers

Answer 10

Losartan

works on same system as ACE inhibitors