Durkheim's functionalist theory Flashcards
- Who developed the term anomie, and what does it mean?
Emile Durkheim developed the term anomie to explain why some people become dysfunctional and turn to crime. Anomie is being insufficiently integrated into society’s norms and values, causing society to become less integrated and more individualistic, with individuals looking out for themselves rather than the community.
- What is the relationship between crime and mechanical solidarity?
According to Crime as an Industrial Problem, crime is associated with the decline of mechanical solidarity. The uniformity of roles, status, and values in close-knit communities promotes conformity and reduces the likelihood of crime.
- How is crime linked to social change?
In times of social change, individuals may become unsure of new norms and rules, making them more susceptible to breaking them. This is due to a weaker collective conscience, which is made up of shared norms, values, beliefs, and knowledge that make social life and cooperation between individuals possible. Durkheim saw anomie expressed not just through crime, but also by suicide, marital breakdown, and industrial disputes.
- What are the three categories of crime?
Crime can be normal (e.g. speeding), universal (e.g. murder), or functional (e.g. euthanasia).
- What are some criticisms of Durkheim’s theory of crime and anomie?
Critics argue that Durkheim overgeneralizes by not explaining why some people are more deviant than others. Additionally, he is accused of cultural bias and failing to deliver on his promise that anomie promotes solidarity for everyone.
