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Clinical Methods Module 3 > Dysarthria & Voice Disorders > Flashcards

Dysarthria & Voice Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of Organic Problems that cause voice disorders?

A

Structural (tumor, cleft palate)

Neurogenic (stroke)

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2
Q

What causes a functional voice disorder?

A

Muscle overuse/ misuse (vocal abuse)

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3
Q

What does iatrogenic mean?

A

Resulting from medications or medical procedures (unusual, but shouldn’t be forgotten)

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4
Q

What does idiopathic mean?

A

We don’t know what the cause is.

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5
Q

What 5 areas do we base a voice evaluation on?

A 
Quality
Pitch 
Loudness 
Pain/Discomfort 
Fatigue
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6
Q

What other information is gathered in an initial evaluation of a voice client?

A 
Case History 
Evaluation of Structure 
Evaluation of Function 
Quality of Life Assessment 
Endoscopic Evaluation
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7
Q

What are 4 rehabilitative Interventions for Voice?

A

Vocal Function Exercises
Lee Silverman Voice Therapy
Laryngeal Manipulation (physical therapy for the voice’)
Resonant Voice Therapy

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8
Q

A group of disorders characterized by impaired ability to execute motor movement

A

Dysarthrias

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9
Q

Apraxia or Dysarthria: Artic good for automatic speech

A

Apraxia

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10
Q

Apraxia or Dysarthria: Error predictable and consistent

A

Dysarthria

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11
Q

Apraxia or Dysarthria: Visible groping postures

A

Apraxia

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12
Q

Apraxia or Dysarthira: Difficulty initiating speech

A

Apraxia

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13
Q

Apraxia or Dysarthria: Deficits involve respiration, phonation, artic, prosody, resonance

A

Dysarthria

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14
Q

Apraxia or Dysarthria: Difficulty with Imitation

A

Apraxia

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15
Q

A deficit in the planning and sequencing of movement required for production of speech

A

Apraxia

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16
Q

What is the goal for treatment of Dysarthrias?

A

Improve intelligibility of speech and, if possible, speech motor control

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17
Q

What are different ways Dysarthrias are treated?

A

Behavior Modification
Prosthetic Devices (palatal lift)
Medical and Surgical Procedures
Augmentative/Alternative Devices

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18
Q

What are the subsystems that might be affected with dysarthrias?

A 
Respiratory (breath control) 
Phonatory (vocal chords, larynx)
Resonance 
Articulatory 
Prosodic
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19
Q

What is the goal when treating Apraxia?

A

Increase control over articulatory movements

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20
Q

A voice disorder may involve any of what three voice features?

A

Pitch
Loudness
Quality

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21
Q

What is the prevalence of voice disorders?

A

6-10%

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22
Q

A change in the size of the vocal folds changes what aspect of voice?

A

Pitch (frequency of vibration)

23
Q

An increase in air pressure from the lungs and a change in the manner of vocal fold vibration changes what aspect of speech?

A

Loudness (amplitude)

24
Q

The complexity and special characteristics of voice, affected by the glottal pulse, is referred to as what?

A

Voice Quality

25
Q

What are some non-organic voice problems (functional)?

A

Aphonia
Vocal Abuse
Psychogenic Factors causing faulty voice

26
Q

What are some voice problems related to organic factors?

A

Laryngitis, tumors, paralysis, edema,. vocal fold webbing, granulomas, papilloma

(most organic problems alter the mass of the vocal folds or affect larynx or vocal tract.)

27
Q

What is the first thing a clinician should do when a client comes in complaining of their voice not being quite right?

A

Refer to ENT for endoscopy

28
Q

Medical treatment is NEVER initiated until after medical ______________ of the _____________.

A

evaluation; larynx

29
Q

What are the three areas for intervention for voice disorders?

A

Medical (refer!)
Environmental (modify surroundings)
Behavioral (modify symptoms with therapies)

30
Q

What is edema and what might it be caused by in the vocal mechanism?

A

Swelling, fluid in the tissues.

Caused by a number of thing, ie., vocal misuse, localized diseases, allergies, smoking, etc.

31
Q

Infection that causes the vocal chords to become inflamed and immobile. No treatment other than “wait it out”

A

Laryngitis

32
Q

What is GERD? What might it cause?

A

Gastro-Esophageal Reflux. It can adversely affect the voice when acid from stomach spills onto the larynx and pharynx.

33
Q

What are polyps?

A

Benign lesions that can impede vocal contact

34
Q

What are nodules?

A

Callous-like formations on the point of the vocal folds where the hardest “strike” occurs. Also called “singer’s nodes” or “screamer’s nodes”

35
Q

What is a Papilloma?

A

Benign, translucent lesion on vocal folds that affects vocal fold function. No cure, but can be removed.

36
Q

A child who sounds really hoarse may have this type of lesion on the vocal folds.

A

Papilloma

37
Q

What is Webbing?

A

Mucous membrane that transverses glottis and can compromise airway. Surgery required.

38
Q

What is a Psychogenic Voice Disorder?

A

A disorder that results from emotional or mental factors such as anxiety, depression, personality disturbances.
Physiological changes in the larynx may persist.

39
Q

What are two primary example of Psychogenic Voice Disorders?

A

Conversion Dysphonia

Mutational Falsetto

40
Q

This psychogenic disorder is characterized by too high pitch and incomplete closure of vocal folds. Also called puberphonia.

A

Falsetto (Mutational Falsetto)

41
Q

Vocal folds are supposed to abduct during inhalation and adduct slightly during exhalation. Disorder where they do the reverse is ____________.

A

PVFD

Paradoxical Vocal Fold Movement

42
Q

PVFD is often misdiagnosed as what?

A

Asthma

43
Q

When doing a Voice Assessment, what 4 things do we judge when Listening?

A

Pitch
Loudness
Quality
Resonance

44
Q

When doing a Voice Assessment, what objective measurements do we take?

A

Pitch, fundamental f., range, intensity, VOT, vowel length, nasal resonance, airflow, etc.

45
Q

What visual assessment can be used for voice assessment?

A

Stroboscopic Assessment

46
Q

What are the levels of preventative care identified by ASHA?

A

Tertiary: Alleviate Existing Problems
Secondary: Early Detection
Primary: Before the Fact-Educate

47
Q

What are the 3 classifications for Interventions for Voice Disorders?

A

Medical
Environmental
Behavioral

48
Q

What are some techniques used to treat vocal hyperfunction?

A 
Relaxation 
Soft glottal attacks 
Pitch adjustment 
inhalation phonation
yawn/sigh, etc.
49
Q

What are some techniques used to treat vocal hypofunction?

A

Pushing/Pulling-glottal closure

Increasing loudness thru respiratory pattern

50
Q

What assessment tool is useful in providing feedback on loudness and pitch?

A

Visi-Pitch

51
Q

What 4 techniques can be used to encourage soft glottal attacks?

A

Yawn/Sigh
Chewing
Easy Onset
Chanting

52
Q

Child voice problems are often identified by whom?

A

Parents or Teachers (or screenings)

53
Q

Voice that emanate from a sound source other than the larynx

A

Alaryngeal Speech

Clinical Methods Module 3 (3 decks)

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