Early Childhood Flashcards
What happens to a child’s weight and height between the ages of 2 and 6?
They gain 3 inches in height and 4-5 pounds in weight each year.
At what age will children have all of their primary teeth?
3
At what age will children have perfect 20/20 vision?
4
True or False. Many children do not take a daytime nap before the age of 4-5.
False. They do take a daytime nap until the age of 4-5.
How many hours do children between 2-6 sleep every night?
11 - 13 hours
True or False. Children between 2-6 have a larger appetite than they did during infancy.
False. They have a reduced appetite.
According to the CDC, _ in _ American children between the ages of 2-5 are overweight or obese.
1 in 5
What are five ways that parents can reduce the chances of obesity in young children?
- Remove high-calorie, low-nutritional foods
- Offer whole fruits and vegetables
- Get kids to be active
- Increase water consumption
- Offer milk with a lower fat percentage (2%, 1%, or skim milk)
What are seven tips for establishing healthy eating patterns in children?
- Don’t try to force your child to eat or fight over food
- Recognize that appetite varies. (They may eat good in one meal and not good in another. Do not excessively worry about this).
- Keep it pleasant. Do not have arguements or express tension during mealtime.
- No short order chefs. Do not prepare a different meal for every child or family member
- Limit choices. Give them one or two choices rather than asking what they want to eat
- Serve balanced meals. Meals prepared at home have more nutritional value than fast foods or frozen dinners.
- Don’t bribe. Using dessert to persuade children to eat vegetables teaches them that some foods are better than others. Children tend to naturally enjoy a variety of foods until they are told that soem are more desirable than others.
The brain is ___% of its adult weight by age 2.
75%
How does myelination and synaptic pruning affect neural processing in children?
Neural processes become quicker and more complex.
Greater development in the prefrontal cortex allwos children to _____ and _______
Control emotional outbursts and understand how to play games
Describe the development of the brain between the ages of 3-6.
Left and right hemisphere both increase in activity. Corpus callosum undergoes a growth spurt which improve coordination between the two hemispheres.
How do visual pathways change as a child ages? How can this change be demonstrated?
They become more mature. This change is demonstrated in child’s drawings. As children age, their drawings get increasing better as representing the image they visualize in their minds.
How do children improve gross motor skills during early childhood?
They move around frequently by running, jumping, swinging, and clapping.
How do children improve their fine motor skills during early childhood?
They improve these skills by doing tasks like pouring water into a container, using scissors, and drawing.
True or False. Children can experience sexual arousal
True
How does sexuality in children differ from sexuality in adults?
Sexuality in children is simply a response to physical states or sensations while sexuality in adults is a response to love, seduction, lust, etc.
Boys and girls (are/are not) capable of erections or vaginal lubrications
Are. They are capable of doing this before birth. It comes from physical contentment and stimulation that accompanies feeding or warmth.
True or False. Masturbation is common among boys and girls during early childhood.
True. Boys masturbate more often and more openly than girls do.
How can parents explain inappropriate touching to children?
They can use the term bathing suit areas to describe places where others shouldn’t be allowed to touch or show parts to the young child. They should also label touching as safe or unsafe instead of good or bad so children don’t feel bad about that sort of touching later when it is appropriate.
What are children in the preoperational stage learning to do?
Use language and how to think about the world symbolically
How does pretend play help in a child’s development? What role do toys act as in pretend play?
Pretend play helps children solidify the new schemas they are developing through assimilation and accommodation. Toys act as stand -ins for other objects like princesses, babies, or pets.
What does the word operation mean in Piaget’s preoperational stage?
It means the use of logical rules. Children in this stage are developing the foundations they need to consistently use operations in the next stage.
What is egocentrisim in early childhood?
It is the tendency of young children to think that everyone sees things the same way they do.
Describe Piaget’s classic experiment on egocentrism and the results of it.
Children were shown a 3d model of a mountain and asked to describe what a doll that is looking at the mountain from a different angle may see. The results were that children tended to describe an image that represents their own view rather than the dolls.
Precausal Thinking
Children using their own existing ideas and views to explain cause and effect relationships.
What are the three types of causality displayed by preoperational children?
Animism, artificialism, and transductive reasoning
Animism
The belief that inanimate objects are capable of actions and have lifelike qualities. Ex. A child may believe that toys can talk and walk on their own like in Toy Story
Artificialism
The belief that environmental characteristics can be attributed to human actions or interventions. Ex. Children believing that the clouds are white because someone painted them that color.
Transductive Reasoning
Children drawing a cause and effect relationship between two events that are unrelated. Ex. If a child hears a dog bark and a balloon pop then they may conclude that the dog’s barking caused the ballon to pop.
Syncretism
A child’s tendency to think that if two events occur simultaneously then one causes the other. Ex. A child thinking that putting on their bathing suit will change the season to summer.
