Early Modern England Flashcards
What were the changes in government from 1642-1660?
-1642-51: Civil war between Charles I and parliament - parliament won
-1649: Execution of Charles I
-1649-60: England was a republic, mostly run by Cromwell
Why did parliament start a civil war?
-The parliament wanted more say in government which clashed with the monarch
What were the changes in government from 1660-85:
-1660: Charles II was invited to reign but with limited powers
-1685: James II became king; however, his Catholicism made him unpopular
What were the changes in government between 1688-89?
-1688: Parliament asked the Protestant William of Orange to invade England, he became William III and rule with his wife Mary, the protestant daughter of James II
-1689: Williams signed a bill of rights which increased the parliaments power; elected Mp’s had a larger role
What did Henry VIII do to religion?
-Henry VIII remained a catholic, but in 1534 he became head of the church of England which bought huge changes to society; monasteries and nunneries were destroyed which meant they let jobs and the poor has nowhere to go for help
What were the changes in religion after Henry VIII?
-Edward VI changed England into a protestant country
-Mary I, turned to England back to a catholic country
-Elizabeth I, turned England back to a fully protestant country where the pope had no power
How did religion bring about change? In Early Modern England
-England became a protestant country free from the power of the pope
-Huguenots saw England as a place of safety, they bought wealth and new ideas
How did economic growth bring about change? In Early Modern England
-Global trading companies developed routes to Africa, Europe and India which helped privateering increase
-Merchants traded in wide variety of goods, and the cloth trade dominated England’s prosperity
-The transatlantic slave trade began, taking people from Africa and selling them in the Caribbean and America
How did the government bring about change? In Early Modern England
-Parliament passed laws which encouraged migrants to settle
-New laws supported the growth of trade and set up trading companies
-Jews were allowed to return by Oliver Cromwell
Why did Huguenot migrants come to England?
-Left France from 1550-72 ad 1670-1710 due to persecution by Catholic authorities
How did the monarchy treat the Huguenots?
-Edward VI allowed a french protestant church to be built in London in 1550
-Charles II offered them denizen status in 1681 which allowed migrants to live in England
What did the Huguenots do?
-Many were skilled craftworkers
-Had a range of skills and found work easily
-Some worked with friends or relatives who were already established
-Set up their own businesses and trade
-Some were poor and took to crime
-Huguenots attending Huguenot churches were well-respected due to similarities with English Protestantism
Who were the Palatines?
-Protestant farmers who left Germany in 1709
-Left due to bad harvests, famine, poverty, and war
How did the Palatines cope?
-They were poor and had few skills apart from the occasional labourer
-Most relied on charities to live as they had no friends or relatives
-The government no longer funded their emigration to America so deported them to Ireland to work on land
-About 2/3rd deported, died and came back to England, few survived the trip to America
How did the Indian migrants come to England?
-Increased trade took English people to India where Indian men worked in clerical jobs and Indian women worked as English families’ servants
How was the Indian ayahs work?
-Some Indians like ayahs returned to England to work with their English family
-Ayahs’ experiences growing up depended on their employers.
-The nannies would grow up in the family, when the children grew up, they were passed on to other wealthy families or abandoned
How were the Indian Lascars experience?
-Some Indians worked on the ships sailing between England and India
-Sailors from India were known as Lascars
-Lascars settled in ports of London, Liverpool, Glasgow, and Cardiff, they worked in the docks, warehouses and pubs which were hard labour
How did African migrants get to England?
-Had lived in England during Roman times
-Many were forced out of Spain in 1568 after many took part in a rebellion against the government
-Others had been enslaved but escaped and fled to England
-Others were bought by their owners to England
-Some Black Africans had been enslaved overseas were bought back to England as their servants
What was the experience of African migrants?
-It was fashionable for English people to have a black servant especially a child
-Were employed in a variety of skilled jobs like interpreters and were paid normal wages
-Were respected and equal members of society
-Some became quite wealthy
What did the foreign protestant nationality act outline?
-They allowed European Protestants full civil right in Britain provided they swore loyalty to the crown
