early Russian/long-term causes of 1905 revolution

Question 1

what did the relaxation of censorship allow

Answer 1

allowed controversial material to come to Russia from abroad

Question 1

when was Das Kapital allowed to be published and what was the influence of it

Answer 1

• in 1870
• socialist principles advocated by Marx found a receptive audience within Russia, especially amongst Uni students which increased radicalism during 1860s

Question 2

when was Russian made the official language of the empire and it’s consequence

Answer 2

• 1885
• caused resentment in Central Asia
• forbade any other languages to be used

Question 3

which ethnic minority suffered the most and why

Answer 3

Jewish population suffered through mob attacks that were approved by the government

Question 4

what did the government introduce to control government opponents and destroy organisations, such as the Peoples will

Answer 4

introduced the Statute of State Security

Question 5

what did the Statute of State Security consist of

Answer 5

• set up gov controlled courts to try gov opponents
• allowed gov to arrest and put on trial political opponents, without a jury

Question 6

how long did these courts remain in existence for

Answer 6

although they were meant to be a temporary measure, they remained in use until the end of the Tsarist regime in 1917

Question 7

what did the Okhrana ban and why

Answer 7

banned foreign books and newspapers to prevent dangerous foreign ideas - such as democracy from reaching the Russian people

Question 8

how were universities affected by censorship

Answer 8

• put under strict government supervision
• fees increased to exclude everyone except from the wealthy

Question 9

what happened with universities in 1884

Answer 9

lost their self-government and came under Gov-control

Question 10

what happened with universities in 1889

Answer 10

temporarily closed due to student demonstrations against gov control

Question 11

when and with what did Alexander III interfere with the legal system

Answer 11

• interfered with the trial by jury system
• after the trial of a radical extremist where the jury’s verdict reflected widespread public dislike of the policies under Alexander III

Question 12

what were the four reforms introduced by Alexander II that gave hope to greater freedom and democracy

Answer 12

• elected local gov and bodies
• emancipation of the surfs in 1861
• judicial reforms (barristers and trial by jury introduced)
• relaxation of censorship