Earth Science

Question 1

Lithosphere

Answer 1

the earths crust which includes landforms rocks and soil. It is mostly solid rock.

Question 2

Asthenosphere

Answer 2

below the lithosphere, and estimated as being from fifty to several hundred miles (eighty-five to several hundred kilometers) thick.

Question 3

Mantle

Answer 3

thick layer inside the Earth and below the crust. Most of the mantle is solid rock, the upper part is molten rock called magma.

Question 4

Core

Answer 4

the central region of the Earth; it extends fourteen hundred to eighteen hundred miles from the Earth’s center

Question 5

Seismic waves

Answer 5

The waves of energy that travel through the Earth’s crust. Thy are cause by earthquakes

Question 6

Continental drift

Answer 6

movement of the plates of the Earth’s crust in relation to each other

Question 7

Pangea

Answer 7

a super-continent that existed about 225 million years ago.

Question 8

Panthalassa

Answer 8

the vast sea surrounding the supercontinent of Pangaea

Question 9

8.3

Answer 9

8.3

Question 10

Plate tectonics

Answer 10

the theory concerning the movement of the continental plates

Question 11

Convection crust

Answer 11

circular movement that occurs when warmer, less dense fluid particles rise and cooler, denser fluid particles sink

Question 12

Continental crust

Answer 12

the plates of the Earth’s crust that make up the land

Question 13

Oceanic crust

Answer 13

one of the types of crust that makes up the Earth’s outer layer. Oceanic crust is thinner than continental crust and made up of dense, heavy rocks such as basalt

Question 14

Boundaries

Answer 14

the edges of tectonic plates

Question 15

Subduction

Answer 15

process in which two tectonic plates push against each other, and oceanic crust sinks below the less dense continental crust

Question 16

Destructive plate boundaries

Answer 16

convergent boundary where two plates collide

Question 17

Constructive plate boundaries

Answer 17

plate that creates new land from cooling magma

Question 18

Ocean ridges

Answer 18

an area where the tectonic plates move apart, allowing magma from the mantle to rise, forming underwater volcanoes and creating new oceanic crust as it is cooled and solidified by sea water

Question 19

Conservative plate boundaries

Answer 19

boundaries between sliding plates, like the San Andreas Fault in the United States

Question 20

Laurasia

Answer 20

one of the two smaller continents created when the supercontinent Pangaea broke apart about 200 million years ago

Question 21

Gondwanaland

Answer 21

one of the two smaller continents created when the supercontinent Pangaea broke apart about 200 million years ago

Question 22

Hotspots

Answer 22

a localised place where an activity occurs