Earth Science

Question 1

Igneous Rocks

Answer 1

From interior of the earth

Question 2

Extrusive Rocks

Answer 2

Igneous rock that forms when lava cools above the Earth’s surface

Question 3

Pumice

Answer 3

A rock that forms when lava cools in the air, it normally has airholes and is light.

Question 4

Scoria

Answer 4

Dark igneous rock that forms from gassy lava

Question 5

Abrasive

Answer 5

A property of a substance that easily scratches another

Question 6

Obsidian

Answer 6

Black glassy rock

Question 7

Intrusive rocks

Answer 7

Rocks that solidify inside the crust

Question 8

Batholiths

Answer 8

Intrusive rock mass that measures more than 100 kilometres across

Question 9

Granite

Answer 9

Large igneous rock with large crystals

Question 10

Lustre

Answer 10

How shiny the rock is

Question 11

Moh’s Scale

Answer 11

Scale of hardness used in classifying minerals

Question 12

Sandstone

Answer 12

formed from grains of sand that have been cemented together over a period of time.

Question 13

Shale

Answer 13

formed from finer grains of sediment deposited by calm water in the form of mud.

Question 14

Conglomerate

Answer 14

contains grains of different sizes that have been cemented together.

Question 15

Mudstone

Answer 15

formed from finer grains of sediment deposited by calm water in the form of mud.

Question 16

Coal

Answer 16

formed by sediments of dead animals

Question 17

Limestone

Answer 17

a sedimentary rock that is formed from deposits of the remains of sea organisms such as shellfish and corals.

Question 18

Rock salt

Answer 18

formed when water evaporates from a substance, leaving a layer that is compressed after being buried by other sediments.

Question 19

Siltstone

Answer 19

has grains slightly larger than those of mudstone.

Question 20

Metamorphism

Answer 20

the process that changes rocks by extreme pressure or heat (or both)

Question 21

Metamorphic rocks

Answer 21

rock formed from another rock that has been under great heat or pressure (or both)

Question 22

Marble

Answer 22

a metamorphic rock formed as a result of great pressure on limestone

Question 23

Gneiss

Answer 23

a coarse-grained metamorphic rock formed mainly as a result of great pressure on granite

Question 24

Sedimentary rocks

Answer 24

rocks formed from sediments deposited by water, wind or ice. The sediments are cemented together in layers, under pressure.

Question 25

Erosion

Answer 25

the wearing away and removing of soil

Question 26

Floodplains

Answer 26

flat, open land beside a river where sediments are deposited during floods

Question 27

Glaciers

Answer 27

large bodies of ice that move down slopes and push boulders, rocks and gravel in front of them

Question 28

Moraines

Answer 28

deposit left by movement of a glacier

Question 29

Stone Age

Answer 29

the time beginning about two million years ago during which early humans made implements of stone

Question 30

alloy

Answer 30

a mixture of a metal with a non-metal or another metal

Question 31

Flint

Answer 31

a fine-grained sedimentary rock which leaves a very sharp edge when broken

Question 32

Fossil

Answer 32

any remains, impression, or trace of an animal or plant of a former geological age; evidence of life in the past

Question 33

palaeontologists

Answer 33

A scientist who studies fossils.

Question 34

Folding

Answer 34

the buckling of rocks. It is caused when rocks are under pressure from both sides.

Question 35

Mould

Answer 35

cavity in a rock that shows the shape of the hard parts of an organism; types of fungi found growing on the surface of foods

Question 36

Extinct

Answer 36

describes volcanoes that are no longer active. Extinct volcanoes have not erupted for thousands of years and show no sign of future eruption.