Economic Geography

Question 1

Agglomeration economies

Answer 1

Refers to benefits or advantages, resulting from locating near other businesses or services

Question 2

Agricultural labor force

Answer 2

The number of people who work in agriculture, this can be used as a measure of development because fewer farmers implied that each farmers more productive
Large numbers of subsistence farmers indicate a low level of agricultural technology

Question 3

Air pollution

Answer 3

Concentration of trace substances at a greater level than occurs in average air. Human causes include mainly motor vehicles, industry, agriculture, and power plants.

Question 4

Assembly line Production/fordism

Answer 4

Industrial arrangement of machines, equipment and workers for continuous flow of work pieces and mass production operations
each movement of material is made as simple and as short as possible

Question 5

Bid rent theory

Answer 5

In the competitive bidding for land, the land closer to the downtown will charge higher rent due. This will result in a variety of outcomes. Land uses commonly reserved for more profitable purposes, and the cost of land is shared among many firms in high-rise buildings.

Question 6

Break of bulk point

Answer 6

A port or rail yard, where Cargo is moved from a larger to smaller world of transportation
these are places which have fostered economic activity because of the people and resources flowing through them

Question 7

Calorie consumption

Answer 7

A percentage of daily requirement is an important index of development

Question 8

Carrier efficiency

Answer 8

Commonly measured in 10 miles, the amount of cost to move a ton of cargo 1 mile
smaller and faster motor of transportation of lower carrier efficiency

Question 9

Core periphery model

Answer 9

Describes the pattern of distribution of the MDC’s and the LDCs

Question 10

Cultural convergence

Answer 10

The changing culture that occurs as diffusion of ideas and technology increases

Question 11

Cumulative causation

Answer 11

A feedback loop of economic development
because development and investment is attracted to one place it is more likely to track further development.

Question 12

Dependency theory

Answer 12

The primary ideas that development in the periphery hinder due to dependence upon the core for economic investment and public health

Question 13

Development

Answer 13

The improvement and material conditions of a place as a resolved diffusion of technology and knowledge

Question 14

Economic sectors
- primary
- secondary
- tertiary
- quaternary
- quinary

Answer 14

Reverse with specific type of process by which people earn income
1. Connected to land
2 processing and manufacturing
3. Services are provided to a consumer
4. Services are provided to society
5. Highest levels of decision making within a societh

Question 15

Economies of scale

Answer 15

Savings based on the amount

Question 16

Energy consumption

Answer 16

An index of development
MDC is tend to consume much more energy per capita than to LDCs

Question 17

Footloose industry

Answer 17

A business which can locate anywhere because it’s not affected by transportation costs

Question 18

Four tigers (4)

Answer 18

Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan
All of these places rapidly developed highly skilled workforce, focused, and producing manufactured goods

Question 19

Foreign direct investment

Answer 19

Investment in the economies of LDC by transnational corporations based in MDC

Question 20

Gross domestic product (gdp)

Answer 20

The total value of goods and services produced in a year in a given country

Question 21

Gross national product

Answer 21

Similar to GDP except that includes income that people earn abroad

Question 22

Human development index

Answer 22

An aggregate index of development which takes into account, economic, social, and demographic factors using GDP, lower skin, education, and life expectancy

Question 23

Industrial Regions (5)

Answer 23

Western Europe eastern North America, Russia, Ukraine, and eastern Asia

Question 24

Least cost location

Answer 24

The location of which the cost of manufacturing and transportation is the lowest
The goal is to manufacture good for the lowest cost so that profits can be maximized

Question 25

Least cost theory

Answer 25

Developed by Alfred Weber explains the location of manufacturing and many principles. Also applied to the location of some services factories will work to find the least cost location by working to minimize costs in the following ways, low cost labor, minimize transportation, cost of resources in and finished goods out and savings based on agglomeration

Question 26

Maquiladora

Answer 26

A US own factory, which operates in Mexico
They’re savings that can be made based on labor with only a minor increased in transportation cost

Question 27

Market orientation

Answer 27

When manufacturing or production is considered weight gain
production will be located in your markets to minimize transportation cost

Question 28

Multiplier effect

Answer 28

When money is spent locally, it will circulate within the economy being spent multiple times and having a larger  locally, it will circulate within the economy being spent multiple times and having a larger impact on economy then it’s original value core countries tend to benefit from the multiplayer effect because the money stays in the domestic economy impact on economy then it’s original value
core countries tend to benefit from the multiplayer effect because the money stays in the domestic economy
When money is spent in periphery countries that business is owned by the core the multiplier effect does not occur

Question 29

NAFTA

Answer 29

North American Free Trade Agreement, which allows the free movement of goods between the three countries

Question 30

Neocolonialism

Answer 30

Refers to the economic control that MDC or sometimes believe to have over LDC

Question 31

Outsourcing

Answer 31

Occurs when a business will search for lower cost labor and overseas labor markets to fill the positions of higher cost domestic labor

Question 32

Purchasing power parity

Answer 32

An index of income related to GDP

Question 33

Resource orientation

Answer 33

The location of production or manufacturing is located closer to a resources than the markets

Question 34

Walter rostow

Answer 34

Develop the stages of growth model of economic development

Question 35

Stages of growth model

Answer 35

Linear theory of development develop countries go through a common pattern of structural strange
1. Traditional society
2. Transitional stage
3. Take off
4. Drive to maturity
5. High mass consumption
It explains how a country transitions from mostly primary agriculture to secondary manufacturing and finally tertiary service economy

Question 36

Substitution principle

Answer 36

When possible less expensive income will be substituted for more expensive one in order to reduce production cost

Question 37

Ubiquitous resources

Answer 37

Resources was just found and nearly all areas and similar amounts

Question 38

Weight gain industry

Answer 38

When the weight of resources shipped into the factories less than one to shipped out, the production will be market oriented
this occurs when a ubiquitous resource can be attained with transportation cost

Question 39

Weight loss industry

Answer 39

When the weight of resources shipped into the factors greater than what shipped out production will be resource oriented

when resources for energy like cool or shipped, and the industry will likely be weight loss as the energy is used up in the process of manufacturing and not shipped out

Question 40

World systems theory

Answer 40

Develop by Immanuel Wallerstein
There’s a three tiered, global economic structure, (core, semi periphery, periphery) and all transactions take place in the context of the global economy