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science > Ecosystems > Flashcards

Ecosystems Flashcards

1
Q

Producers or autotrophs

A

organism at the base of the food chain that does not need to feed on other organisms; also known as an autotroph

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2
Q

Photosynthesis

A

the food-making process in plants that takes place in chloroplasts within cells. The process uses carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun.

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3
Q

Organism

A

Living thing

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4
Q

Population

A

group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at a particular time

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5
Q

Habitat

A

Refers to place where an organism lives

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6
Q

Community

A

more than one population living in the same area at a particular time

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7
Q

Environment

A

The set of loving and non living doctors in an area

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8
Q

Ecosystems

A

communities of organisms that interact with each other and their environment

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9
Q

Ecology

A

The study of ecosystems

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10
Q

Decomposes

A

organisms that break down organic matter into inorganic materials. They are microorganism such as bacteria and fungi which secrete acid compounds to break down dead matter and absorb nutrients from. It

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11
Q

Consumers or heterotrophs

A

organism that relies on other organisms for its food; also known as a heterotroph. They can be classified as herbivores, carnivores or omnivores.

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12
Q

Consumer names

A

First order consumers are known as herbivores as the feed directly from producers. Second order consumers eat herbivores but can also eat the producer. Third order consumer eat lower order consumer

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13
Q

Detrivores

A

Organisms that eat waste from other animals to get energy. Eg earthworms

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14
Q

Ecological niche

A

the position of a species or population in its ecosystem in relation to each other

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15
Q

Competition

A

the struggle among organisms for food, territory and other factors

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16
Q

Parasitism

A

interaction in which one species (the parasite) lives in or on another species (the host) from which it obtains food, shelter and other requirements. Eg. Head lice

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17
Q

Mutualism

A

relationship between two different organisms in which both benefit eg pollination

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18
Q

Commensalism

A

relationship between organisms where one benefits and the other is unaffected eg. Clownfish and anemones which protect clownfish but are unaffected.

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19
Q

Interpecicfic competition

A

competition between organisms of the same species

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20
Q

Intraecific competition

A

competition between organisms of different species

21
Q

Per editor prey relationship

A

relationship between organisms in which one species (the predator) kills and eats another species (the prey)

22
Q

Symbiotic relationship

A

very close relationship between two organisms of different species. It may benefit or harm one of the partners.

23
Q

Metabolism

A

the chemical reactions occurring within an organism that enable the organism to use energy and grow and repair cells

24
Q

Cellular respiration

A

the chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. The body is able to use the energy contained in ATP.

27
Q

Glycolosysis

A

process by which glucose is converted into a simple form, during which energy is released

28
Q

Krebs cycle

A

part of the aerobic respiration process in which carbon dioxide and ATP (energy) are produced

29
Q

Electron transport chain reactions

A

part of the aerobic respiration process

30
Q

Mitochondria

A

small rod-shaped organelles that supply energy to other parts of the cell. They are usually too small to be seen with light microscopes. Singular = mitochondrion.

31
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

the chemical breakdown of food without oxygen. The reaction needs enzymes, occurs in cells and releases less energy than aerobic respiration.

32
Q

Lactic acid

A

an end product of anaerobic respiration in animals; also known as lactate

33
Q

Biome

A

Contains multiple ecosystems and is characterised by particular organisms and weather patterns. Eg: the ocean and desert

34
Q

Biosphere

A

Contains all biomes and is the regions of the surface and atmosphere of the arts

35
Q

Terrestrial and marine biome

A

Terrestrial-environments on land

Marine_environments on water

36
Q

Chemosythentic

A

describes organisms that produce organic material using energy released from chemical reactions rather than light

37
Q

Energy pyramid

A

representation of the level of food energy at each level within a food chain

38
Q

Hybrid

A

Hybrids can be produced when two members of direct species mate to create and infertile offspring.

39
Q

Species

A

A group of organisms that can breed to produce fertile offspring.

40
Q

Biotic factors

A

Are living organism and their effects on the environment eg. A hungry dingo interacting with rabbits and rats by eating them.

41
Q

Abiotic factors

A

Non living part on ecosystem which effects the life of organisms around it. Eg. Water which is not alive built is needed for life to thrive.

42
Q

Examples of biotic and abiotic

A

Abiotic. Biotic

 Sunlight           Plants
Soil                    Animals 
Rain                   Fungi
Wind                 Bacteria 
Temperature    Organism interactions 
Humidity            Competition 
Gases
43
Q

Why are abiotic factors necessary for life to thrive

A

Heat is very important as the key processes of life depend on temperature
Water is extremely important as it provides organisms with hydration and aids in biochemical reactions
Soil is need for plants to grow
Light is necessary for creating energy through photosynthesis
Fire helps to control plants growth and germination

44
Q

Germination

A

The process of a seed growing into a new plant

45
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll which is a green pigment found in plant cells that captures light energy during photosynthesis. The synthesis of glucose also occurs in here.

46
Q

Food chain

A

diagram that shows how the energy stored in one organism is passed to another

47
Q

Food webs

A

diagram showing several food chains joined together to demonstrate that animals eat more than one type of food. It is a collection of all food chains in an ecosystem.

48
Q

Tropic levels

A

An organisms position in a food chain. It is an organisms feeding level. Only 10% of energy is transferred from one level to the other with the rest lost as heat or waste to the environment. This is why food pyramid don’t usually have more than four levels.

49
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

the chemical breakdown of food using oxygen. The reaction needs enzymes, occurs in all body cells and releases energy.

50
Q

Apex predators

A

Predators at the top of the food chain

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