Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DOOS > EENT-Ears > Flashcards

EENT-Ears Flashcards

1
Q

The protection of the cochlea by muscle contraction in response to loud noises is known as the:

A

tympanic reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Does the tympanic reflex protect against sustained loud noises?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sound is produced by:

A

vibration of ossicles and then subsequent vibration of basilar membrane under hair cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The three types of hearing loss are:

A

conductive, sensorineural, mixed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are examples of sensorineural hearing loss?

A

presbycusis (hi freq>mid>low-freq), noise induced (temp threshold shift > acoustic trauma: immediate irreversible loss), ototoxicity (gentamycin, furosemide, ethacrynic acid, cisplatin, quinidine, ASA @ 6-8g/d), acoustic neuroma (often w/ disequilibrium), menieres disease (endolymphatic hydrops)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Acoustic neuromas are usually unilateral or bilateral?

A

unilateral. Usually sporadic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF-2) is usually unilateral or bilateral?

A

bilateral. rare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

tx for NF-2

A

radiotherapy, microsurgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

s/s for acoustic neuroma:

A

mid-facial and corneal hypesthasia, occipital HA, ataxia. W/ further growth, hoarseness, dysphagia, aspiration, shoulder and tongue weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

s/s of menieres disease:

A

episodes of rotary vertigo, fluctuating, progressive, low-frequency hearing loss, tinnitus, sensation of aural fullness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the mechanisms for meieres disease is:

A

result of malfunction of endolymph volume regulation in scala media. Disruption of basilar membrane movement and mixing of endolymph and perilymph.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

dietary tx of menieres:

A

low sodium, water intake, caffeine restriction, chocolate restriction, alcohol restriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

24 year old Caucasian female, pregnant with first child, complains of decreased hearing bilaterally, but worse Left, with sensation of aural fullness. Hears better in a crowd! No pain or discharge. Notes occasional tinnitus.
Patient #1 PE: grossly normal TMs, grossly normal mobility. Weber – L; Rinne BC>AC
Type of loss / site?

A

conductive/otosclerotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Patient #2 PE: dull TM’s with poorly visualized bony landmarks, probable amber fluid behind drums. Weber – L; Rinne BC>AC
Type of loss / site?

A

conductive/serous OM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

3 other conductive pathologies:

A

glomus jugularis, bony exostoses, otosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A true sudden hearing loss demands immediate:

A

otolaryngologic referral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

while screening an elderly pt: if they answer yes to your inquiry of hearing impairment what would you do next? If they answered no?

A

refer for formal audiometric testing. whispered voice test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Should the Weber/Rhine test be used for general screening:

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

screening devices for hearing loss:

A

universal, audioscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

if pt fails any of the tones in either ear then what is warranted?

A

a comprehensive evaluation by an audiologist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

tympanometry details middle ear:

A

function and reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

in peds, you should always use pneumatic otoscopy or tympanometry to differentiate:

A

AOM from SOM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

This piece of equipment is place in the ear canal and has a manometer inducer that can change applied air pressure in the canal, an acoustic transducer to produce a “probe tone”, and a microphone to measure reflected sound from the probe tone. Np pt response is requiredand it is quick and painless. What is it?

A

tympanometer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

types of EOM:

A

acute OE, OE w/ chronic OM, malignant (necrotiz.) OE/cellulitis

25
Q

s/s of external otitis:

A

otalgia, pruritis, otorrhea, red, crust

26
Q

most common cause of OE, viral or bacterial?

A

bacterial (S. aureus, P. aeruginosa)

27
Q

fungal cause of OE:

A

aspergillus (80%+), candida

28
Q

non-infectious, systemic disease causes of OE:

A

atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, acne, lupus

29
Q

non-infectious, local disease causes of OE:

A

contact dermatitis (topical anti-infectives, hearing aids, ear plugs)

30
Q

OE management:

A

low suction with 5-7 Fr and open otoscope (may need to repeat in 2-5 days), wicks. Do NOT flush unless you can visualize TM fully

31
Q

Evidence of other problems along with OE:

A

OM (especially w/ URI or age 101, severe pain or granulation tissue, immune suppression

32
Q

If tx OE w/o other problems you would use:

A

topical tx. no need for PO

33
Q

topical txs for OE:

A

acidification (Vosol, Otic domeboro, 1/3 distilled H2O-1/3 vinegar-1/3 rubbing EtOH), ABX (neomycin/polymyxin[r/o allergy], gentamicin, oflaxacin[approved for perf], ciprofloxacin, ciprodex)

34
Q

fungal OE cases may follow:

A

prolonged ABX rx

35
Q

consider what for fungal OE cases:

A

clotrimazole although acidification may be sufficient

36
Q

necrotizing/malignant OE can result in a life-threatening extension to:

A

the mastoid or temporal bone

37
Q

in the elderly with DM or immunocompromised, necrotizing/malignant OE is usually caused by:

A

P. aeruginosa

38
Q

mortality rate of individuals with necrotizing/malignant OE even with tx:

A

50%

39
Q

suspect necrotizing/malignant OE in a patient who presents with OE and:

A

inadequate response to adequate topical tx, severe otalgia, and HA and fever

40
Q

if you suspect necrotizing/malignant OE you should consider ordering what to detect osteoblastic activity:

A

CT/MRI or Tech-99

41
Q

tx of necrotizing/malignant OE includes:

A

surgical debridement, prolonged ABX therapy (fluroquinolones or betalactam + aminoglycoside)

42
Q

Acute OM is:

A

reflux/obstruction from edema/mucus

43
Q

acute OM is usually caused by:

A

viral nasopharyngitis

44
Q

s/s of acute OM:

A

ear pain, hearing loss, fever, bulging/retracted TM, effusion (translucent/serous or opaque/purulent)

45
Q

if TM perforates in acute OM what will you see:

A

otorhhea

46
Q

some pts with acute OM will also have:

A

recurrent purulent otitis, hearing loss, chronic ser. otitis, chronic OM

47
Q

acute OM tx:

A

if no contraindications use decongestant and/or antihistamine

48
Q

primary acute OM tx:

A

amoxacillin

49
Q

secondary acute OM tx:

A

cephalosporin 2nd/3rd gen

50
Q

<2mo old ped tx of acute OM:

A

amoxicillin 30mg/kg/d for 10d

51
Q

2mo-5y/o ped tx of acute OM:

A

amoxicillin 80-90mg/kg/d for 10d

52
Q

6-12 y/o ped tx of acute OM:

A

amoxicillin 80-90mg/kg/d for 5-10d

53
Q

acute OM prophylaxis:

A

amoxicillin 20mg/kg qhs

54
Q

otitis with persistent fever, HA, vertigo, facial nerve palsey/cranial neuropathy requires?

A

emergency ENT

55
Q

is cellulitis/malignant otitis externa: not alarming or life-threatening?

A

life-threatening

56
Q

control of coordination and balance receptors are found in the vestibular apparatus in?

A

the crista of the semicircular ducts and the macula of the saccule and utricle

57
Q

static equilibrium is perception of head orientation perceived by the?

A

macula

58
Q

dynamic equilibrium is perception of motion or acceleration. Linear acceleration is perceived by? angular acceleration is perceived by?

A

macula. crista

DOOS (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions