Egypt

Question 1

Why was British interest in Egypt revived?

Answer 1

American Civil War interrupted supply of cotton, so they looked to Egypt instead

Question 2

When was the American Civil War?

Answer 2

1861-65

Question 3

In the 1860s, what did British companies begin investing in?

Answer 3

• Egyptian cotton production
• Isma’il Pasha’s modernisation programme

Question 4

By the 1870s, what % of Egypt’s imports were coming from Britain?

Answer 4

40%

Question 5

By what decade was 40% of Egypt’s imports coming from Britain?

Answer 5

1870s

Question 6

When did Isma’il Pasha come to power?

Answer 6

1863

Question 7

What did Isma’il Pasha’s modernisation programme include?

Answer 7

• irrigation
• railways
• schools
• street lighting
• Suez Canal

Question 8

How many miles shorter was the Canal route than the Cape route?

Answer 8

6000 miles

Question 9

Who was Isma’il Pasha?

Answer 9

Khedive of Egypt and Sudan

Question 10

When was Isma’il Pasha the Khedive of Egypt and Sudan?

Answer 10

1863-79

Question 11

Why did Isma’il Pasha want to sell his shares in the Suez canal?

Answer 11

Faced increasing debts due to his modernisation programme

Question 12

Who bought Isma’il Pasha’s shares in the Suez Canal?

Answer 12

Disraeli

Question 13

How much did Disraeli pay for shares in the Suez Canal?

Answer 13

£4 million

Question 14

When was Isma’il Pasha deposed?

Answer 14

1879

Question 15

Who became the Khedive after Isma’il Pasha?

Answer 15

Tewfiq

Question 16

Who was Tewfiq?

Answer 16

Isma’il Pasha’s successor

Question 17

What measures did Lord Dufferin introduce to support Egypt’s economy?

Answer 17

• taxes imposed on Egyptian goods
• Egyptian army reduced by two thirds

Question 18

Who was Lord Dufferin?

Answer 18

The British Commissioner in Egypt

Question 19

Who was the British Commissioner in Egypt?

Answer 19

Lord Dufferin

Question 20

What did Lord Dufferin’s measures lead to?

Answer 20

• increased unemployment
• a nationalist rebellion

Question 21

The anti- European stance of Egyptians provoked British concerns over what?

Answer 21

• trade and investment
• the Suez Canal
• The European population in Egypt

Question 22

When did Baring become Consul-General of Egypt?

Answer 22

1882

Question 23

What report did Baring approve?

Answer 23

Dufferin Report of 1883

Question 24

What did the Dufferin Report do?

Answer 24

• established Egyptian puppet parliament
• asserted need for British supervision of reforms

Question 25

When did riots start in Alexandria?

Answer 25

1882

Question 26

Where did riots start in 1882?

Answer 26

Alexandria

Question 27

What followed the riots in Alexandria?

Answer 27

Revolts across Egypt

Question 28

How many died in the riots in Alexandria?

Answer 28

• 50 Europeans
• 125 Egyptians

Question 29

What did Gladstone do in response to riots across Egypt?

Answer 29

Sent British naval forces to bombard Alexandria

Question 30

What did the bombardment of Alexandria result in?

Answer 30

• destroyed residential areas
• killed hundreds of civilians

Question 31

What did Sir Garnet Wolseley do?

Answer 31

• secured the Suez Canal
• defeated Arabi’s forces at Tel el-Kebir

Question 32

Who led the nationalist rebellion?

Answer 32

Colonel Arabi Pasha

Question 33

Where did Arabi Pasha’s forces have success over British forces?

Answer 33

Kafr el-Dawwar

Question 34

Who was Sir Garnet Wolseley?

Answer 34

The British Commander in Chief

Question 35

Who was the British Commander in Chief at the time of the nationalist rebellion?

Answer 35

Sir Garnet Wolseley

Question 36

What did Sir Garnet Wolseley do?

Answer 36

• secured the Suez Canal
• defeated Arabi’s forces at Tel el-Kebir

Question 37

What did victory at Tel el-Kebir allow?

Answer 37

• Britain to re-take Cairo
• restoration of Tewfiq as a puppet ruler

Question 38

Tel el-Kebir

Answer 38

Sir Garnet Wolseley defeated Arabi’s forces

Question 39

What did British rule become known as in Egypt?

Answer 39

A veiled protectorate

Question 40

Why did Gladstone become involved in Egypt?

Answer 40

• protect route to India
• public pressure