physics paper 1 - worst qs

Question 1

what’s another name for voltage

Answer 1

potential difference

Question 2

what is resistance is inversely proportional to

Answer 2

current

Question 3

frequency for national grid? what does it mean

Answer 3

50 hertz so it switches directions 50 times each econd

Question 4

mains voltage??

Answer 4

230 volts

Question 5

what are the 4 factors that affect resistance

Answer 5

materials
length
thickness
temperature

Question 6

what is resistance

Answer 6

the measure of how hard it is for electrons to move around in electrical circuit

Question 7

what is current

Answer 7

flow of electrical charge. shown through the letter I

Question 8

what colours are the neutral, live and earth wires
what does the earth wire do

Answer 8

neutral - blue
live - brown
earth - green and yellow

allows path of electricity to flow to the ground if a fault happens

Question 9

what’s the fuse

Answer 9

thin wire that melts if too much current is passed through, breaking the circuit
its a safety device

Question 10

if 2 cells are in the same series but are opposite directions what is the overall potential difference

Answer 10

0

Question 11

what is ohms law

Answer 11

that p.d and currrent are directly proportional when temp is consistent and current is inversely proportional to its resistance

Question 12

what does a higher resistance mean for the current and why

Answer 12

lower current
its inversely proportional

Question 13

what is the current and p.d like in a series
what is the current and p.d like in a parallel

Answer 13

series - current is the same, p.d is shared (doesnt have to be equally) between components

parallel - current is shared between the path, p.d is the same across each path

Question 14

in a series if one component breaks what happens to the current flow

Answer 14

it breaks

Question 15

alternating pd meaning vs direct

Answer 15

alternating pd changes polarity or reverses direction
direct pd stays same direction

Question 16

what causes electric shocks
how to reduce risk of electrocution

Answer 16

a very high pd between two objects so current (or electrons) can move from one object to the other, the distance it can jump is larger when resistance in air is low
use lower p.d

Question 17

how to reduce the hazards that radioctive waste creates

Answer 17

bury waster deep underground

Question 18

what is static electricity

Answer 18

when 2 insulators are rubbed together so electrons are transferred for one to another

Question 19

why is 100% of energy never transferred

Answer 19

because usually work is done against a resistive forces meaning some energy transfers to thermal enery store of surroundings

Question 20

what is random error

Answer 20

when results are inaccurate due to human measuring

Question 21

what should you do if theres a zero or systematic error

Answer 21

subtract number from all results

Question 22

properites (3)and particles (6) in a solid

Answer 22

• fixed shape, very high density (high mass, small volume), incompressible
• no spacing, vibrate in fixed position, regular pattern, strong forces of attraction, lowest kinetic energy, highest potential energy

Question 23

properties (3) and particles (4) in a liquid

Answer 23

• flow to bottom of a container, high density(low volume for mass), incompressible
• no spacing, moves freely, no pattern, weak forces of attraction

Question 24

properties (3) and particles (6) in a gas

Answer 24

• fill container fully, low density (high volume), compressible
• spread out, moves freely (in a range of speeds), no pattern, no forces of attraction, highest kinetic energy, lowest potential energy

Question 25

solid to liquid liquid to gas

Answer 25

melting evaporating | an increase in energy

Question 26

gas to liquid liquid to gas | a decrease in energy

Answer 26

condesating freezing

Question 27

what is the internal energy

Answer 27

kinetic and potential energy (the spacing of the particles)

Question 28

for a (temp, energy supplied) graph of a material changing states, is the line slanted or horizontal when changing states and why

Answer 28

horizontal temp is constant because kinetic energy doesnt changhe its going into potential energy so changing the spacing of the particles as it changes space, so breaking forces of attraction between particles

Question 29

what is latent heat and what are the specific 2 types

Answer 29

energy needed to change state of 1kg of a substance latent heat of fusion - solid to liquid latent heat of vaporistaion - liquid to gas

Question 30

what happens if volume of gas is decreased (4)

Answer 30

- pushes particles closer together - increases the frequenc of collisons between the particles and walls of container - leading to a greater force exerted over smaller area - producing a higher pressure

Question 31

what does a higher temp do to a gas (4)

Answer 31

- gas particles have more kinetic energy - so more frequent collisons with edge of container and each other - and colliding with greater force - so higher pressure

Question 32

# ``` ``` why is pressure inversely proportional to volume (3)

Answer 32

- lower volume means less space for particles to move in - more frequent collisions happen between particles and container walls - more force = more pressure

Question 33

# alpha scattering experiment that was shot at gold leaf - Rutherford since most alpha particles went straight through this meant that ... since some were deflected by gold leaf this meant that ... since very few were deflected by very large angles this meant that ...

Answer 33

- most of the atom is empty space - there is a dense positive region- electrostatic repulsive force, positive and positive charge - very small nucleus with all atoms positive charge

Question 34

dalton, JJ thompson, rutherfor, bohr, chadwick

Answer 34

dalton - thought atoms were solid, tiny balls - just a circle JJ thompson - discovered the electron and did the plum pudding model rutherford - nuclear model showed there's protons, empty space and mass in centre with the Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment bohr - proposed electrons were in shells around nucleus chadwick - discovered neutrons in the nucleus

Question 35

what is the national grid

Answer 35

system of transformers and high voltage cables it connects power stations to homes / school etc, sending electricity to them