eliz 2

Question 1

what was the royal court ?

Answer 1

The group of nobles and privy councillors who surrounded the Queen

Question 2

how did Elizabeth control the Royal court?

Answer 2

She used a system of patronage

Question 3

who did Elizabeth grant positions of power to ?

Answer 3

she gave a place at court or on the privy council to wealthy nobles and her favourites.

Question 4

what did the system of patronage mean ?

Answer 4

It meant that power was based on personal relationships with the Queen

Question 5

what did courtiers do ?

Answer 5

They travelled with Elizabeth as she toured England.

Question 6

what did entertainment project at court ?

Answer 6

It projected an image of extravagance and wealth including jousting tournaments, dances and plays

Question 7

why did courtiers owe all their power to Elizabeth ?

Answer 7

They knew she could remove the patronage at anytime and therefore would guarantee loyalty

Question 8

who were the privy council ?

Answer 8

Elizabeth’s most trusted courtiers.

Question 9

what did the privy council do ?

Answer 9

They met daily to offer Elizabeth advice on important issues such as going to war

Question 10

who was the privy council led by ?

Answer 10

It was led by Elizabeth’s chief advisor, the secretary of state.

Question 11

how did Elizabeth control the privy council ?

Answer 11

She appointed privy councillors with different viewpoints, leaving her free to choose between them. She also appointed the trusted and loyal William Cecil as secretary of state for most of her reign. His nickname was spirit.

Question 12

why did Elizabeth never have complete control ?

Answer 12

In 1587 Cecil manipulated Elizabeth into executing Mary Queen of Scots

Question 13

who was the fractional rivalry between ?

Answer 13

Robert Cecil and the other councillors such as the Earl of Essex

Question 14

who was the Earl of Essex ?

Answer 14

Robert Devereux who was the rising star of Elizabeth’s court. At the age of 18 he became Elizabeth’s favourite.

Question 15

how did Roberts win a place on the privy council ?

Answer 15

His success as a military commander

Question 16

why was the earl executed ?

Answer 16

1598-reached for his sword during an argument with Elizabeth
1599-led a failed military expedition in Ireland
1600-abandoned his soldiers in Ireland and forced his way into Elizabeth’s bedchamber
1601-plotted and armed rebellion to remove Elizabeth and James of Scotland the king

Question 17

what was Elizabeth’s weakness ?

Answer 17

The death of Cecil led to dangerous factional rivalry in the privy council and Essex struggles to respect her authority because she was a woman

Question 18

who ran the local government ?

Answer 18

The Queen and her privy council

Question 19

how did they control different areas of the country ?

Answer 19

They needed a system of local government

Question 20

what was each county controlled by ?

Answer 20

A Lord Lieutenant and a JP

Question 21

who were Lord Lieutenants ?

Answer 21

they were appointed by the Queen as a form of patronage. The most powerful noble in the county. Kept the Queen and the privy council informed. Organised a local army to deal with rebellions

Question 22

who were the JP’s ?

Answer 22

justices of the peace were responsible for law and order and were appointed by the Queen as a form of patronage

Question 23

what did the JP’s do ?

Answer 23

They collected taxes and fines, enforced the poor law and judged court cases

Question 24

how many JP’s were there ?

Answer 24

40 in each county

Question 25

why did the JP’s being unpaid cause problems ?

Answer 25

It often led to corruption and bribery

Question 26

what was Parliament ?

Answer 26

It was part of Elizabeth’s government in which MP’s voted to give their consent for new laws and taxes

Question 27

why did Parliament pose a serious threat to Elizabeth’s authority ?

Answer 27

Elizabeth needed Parliament’s consent to raise taxes which gave MP’s power to push for changes they wanted to see

Question 28

what did Puritan MP’s use their position to make speeches about ?

Answer 28

Elizabeth to marry a Protestant and name a Protestant heir. To remove Archbishops and bishops and allow elected committees to control churches. Stop priests wearing vestments. Give MP’s freedom of speech

Question 29

what methods did Elizabeth use to control Parliament ?

Answer 29

She only called Parliament to meet when she needed it. They only met 13 times in her 45 year reign

Question 30

who controlled debate ?

Answer 30

Privy councillors such as William Cecil

Question 31

how did Elizabeth limit MP’s freedom of speech ?

Answer 31

she banned discussion of religion or her marriage and she used harsh punishments to control Puritan MP’s

Question 32

why did Elizabeth imprison Peter Wentworth in 1593 ?

Answer 32

Because he demanded she name a Protestant heir

Question 33

why did John Stubbs get his hand chopped off in 1579 ?

Answer 33

Because he criticised Elizabeth’s proposed marriage to the Catholic Duke of Anjou

Question 34

why did Elizabeth use propaganda ?

Answer 34

To project and image of of herself as a powerful and popular monarch

Question 35

what did portraits of her do ?

Answer 35

emphasised her power and hid any signs of weakness

Question 36

why did Elizabeth go on regular progresses ?

Answer 36

so she could be seen by ordinary people

Question 37

what was a progress ?

Answer 37

a royal tour that took place each summer

Question 38

who did Elizabeth tour with ?

Answer 38

she stayed with loyal nobles who put on spectacular entertainment

Question 39

what did she do on her progresses ?

Answer 39

she showed off her wealth and splendour and she spoke with ordinary people as she passed

Question 40

where did Elizabeth never visit ?

Answer 40

she never visited the North and West. She never extended beyond the loyal Protestant South and East.