Elizabeth Flashcards
What was the Royal Court?
The Royal Court was made up of officials servant and advisors that surrounded Elizabeth. the court was a central power also source of latest trends and fashion. It included the privy council, the justice of peace
Who had power during the Elizabethan era?
Parliament
Made up of the house of commons and Lords which had the power to set taxes and pass laws
Justices of peace
There were several in the country and responsible for maintaining and enforcing the law
Lord lieutenant
They were appointed by the Queen and responsible for raising the militia. If queen needed. They also served on the privy council.
Privy council
They were responsible for running the country . she had to appoint the most powerful landowners in the country to avoid a rebellion, but she could select who she wanted. if the council was united, Elizabeth could never go against their wishes
what were Elizabeth’s problems during her reign?
Succession
She did not have any children to take over when she dies, which created a struggle for power. in 1562, she nearly died of smallpox, which drew attention to the uncertainty of England’s future
Tax
The country was short of money, and Elizabeth needed to raise tax because poverty was increasing
Religion
England religion kept on changing many times. Elizabeth was protestant so many Catholics and Puritans dislike her, and believe she was not fit to be queen
Mary, Queen of Scots
With no direct heir the next line to the third was Elizabeth cousin mqs. many Catholics saw her as an alternative queen of England, which made her a threat
Foreign policy
Catholic countries like Spain and France wanted influence of England and the pope was in their favour
what were the arguments for and against marriage for Elizabeth
Arguments and favour of the marriage:
Marriage create an alliance with foreign countries or guarantee loyalty of powerful English family
It’s also produces an air to the throne and Mary Queen of Scots from taking over
Arguments against marriage :
She loses authority
Giving birth was risky
She had a bad experience due to her father
Who were the potential suitors for Elizabeth?
Francis, Duke of Anjou and Alcencon
He was the French kings brother and heir to the throne. he was Catholic and many important figures disliked him. By the time he proposed she was 46 and was probably infertile
King, Philip II of Spain
One of the wealthiest and the most powerful in the world . he had married to Elizabeth sister Queen Mary, he was also Catholic
Robert Dudley
A childhood friend of the queen and a favourite of her throughout her reign. many assumed that they were in love. he was a key figure in the Royal Court and a member of the private council. after his wife died, he became free to Elizabeth rumours went around that he had an involvement in her death.
what was parliament?
It consisted of Lords, bishops and nobles who either sat in the House of Lords or commns.
it’s role was to discuss issues and advice the queen
responsible for passing down laws and setting taxes
although she could set meeting, she did not have to follow what she told from the members
how were the mosty common topics in parliament under the rule elizabeth?
marriage and succession
many members of parliament believed that their role was to find a suitable husband for elizabeth. until 1566 they spoke about it openly and she banned the subject as a whole
crime and poverty
parliament keeps dealing with poverty and crime rates and even introduced the poor laws.
religion
many member of parliament were protestant which meant they were in favour of passing down laws which made catholic laws harder.
Mqs
many mps wanted wanted mqs executed as they saw her as a threat
no freedom of speach
peter Wondsworth claimed that mps should have freedom speech . he was arrested three times for proposing
who was essex?
he was a loyal and significant subject to elizabeth during her reign. he was one of her favourites to extents where he received a sweet monopoly.
he was part of the privy council
he pleased the queen by attacking the ships in spain cadiaz
he developed a rivalry with robert cecil the son of william cecil who was an important figure at court
what were the causes of the essex rebellion?
after the victory with Spain, Elizabeth and Essex got into a heated argument to privy council meeting. he turned his back on her, so she hit him on the side of his head. He drew his sword, but was stopped by the other counsellors.. he was placed on house arrest
Later on, Elizabeth sent to deal with a rebellion in Ireland. Not only did he not defeat them, but made a truce against Elizabeth order later.
he later caught elizabeth without her wig when he stormed into her chambers
he then lost ranking in elizabeth’s ranking of favour and refused to renew his sweet wine monopoly.
what was the Essex rebellion?
In February 1601, he took four privy council members hostage with 200 of his followers
Robert Cecil, then called him a traitor, which many of his supporters left him or panicked and released the hostages
The rest of the supporters got arrested
What were the consequences of the Essex rebellion?
Essex was on trial for treason and was sent us to death
During his interrogation, he agreed to name other rebels, which includes his sister Penelope
He was executed with his supporters to death
Some supporters just received fines
What was the rise of the gentry?
before Elizabeth’s reign, almost all the wealth belonged to Nobles this later on changed because many could make their own Money through trade.
The gentry grew as a result and began to fill powerful positions by becoming members of Parliament and just of peace
what was Hardwick Hall?
it was one of the grandest houses to demonstrate Elizabeth’s wealth?
It was symmetrical with glass windows and large courtyards
what was the structure of the theatre?
I had Lord rooms which were the most expensive seats and sometimes use by actors like Juliet balcony scene
The pit was where ordinary people sat completely open to the weather and on the ground .
Why was the theatre so popular?
it was entertaining
It was contemporary and relevant to the people at the time
It contains political messages
It was exciting
It was a social event
What was the opposition to the theatre?
puritans saw the theatre as a distraction from the prayer
It was a dangerous place where drinking crime and immoral behaviour happened
They saw it as sinful
With large people present, it could spread disease
What was the golden age?
The golden age was a time where Elizabeth reign accomplished many things
What were Elizabeth’s accomplishments during the golden age?
education
Many wealthy boys and some girls had education
Exploration
Europeans explored and found Newlands and discovered new people. England became a major power in the world.
Theatres
Theatres became popular with all of society
Science and technology
discoveries in navigation and astronomy such as the astrolobe and magnetism.
