Embryological Development Flashcards
What is morbidity?
(Glasper et al, 2006)
Non-fatal health loss
- can be quick
- or a condition that leads to a long term change
What is mortality?
(Glasper et al, 2006)
Death
What are the 7 stages of life?
(Glasper et al, 2006)
- birth
- infancy
- early years
- childhood
- adolescence
- adults
- old people
What are the sex chromosomes for each gender?
(Glasper et al, 2006)
Women have two X chromosomes (XX)
Men have an X and Y chromosome (XY)
What happens in the first 10 days of life?
(Glasper et al, 2006)
- fertilisation, combining genetic ovum and sperm
- cell division, producing a solid ball of cells
- reorganises into an inner cell mass and an outer cell mass with fluid spaces
- cells migrate to form a 3rd layer
- embryo implants into the uterine wall, with outer cells forming the placenta
- cells of the embryo start to metabolise and grow
What is meiosis?
(Glasper et al, 2006)
Cell division where the number of chromosomes is halved.
It involves two successive divisions of a diploid cell (a cell with two sets of chromosomes) to produce four haploid daughter cells (cells with one set of chromosomes).
What happens once the sperm penetrates the ovum?
(Glasper et al, 2006)
fertilises it, combining their genetic material,
restores the 23 complemented pair chromosomes as sperm and ovum only have 23 single chromosomes each
Where does the zygote go after fertilisation?
(Glasper et al, 2006)
moves from fallopian tube to lining of uterus (endometrium)
What happens after the embryo has implanted?
(Glasper et al, 2006)
Draws nutrition and support from the mother, metabolising and growing.
What are the three cell layers?
(Glasper et al, 2006)
- ectoderm (posterior) forms the skin and nervous system
- mesoderm (middle) forms muscles, bones, circulatory system, reproductive system
- endoderm (endoderm) forms digestive and respiratory system
What is established by 4.5 months in the foetus?
(Glasper et al, 2006)
- nervous system
- cortical and subcortical structures
- major fibre pathways
- neurones
What does the neonatal brain need to continue developing once born?
(Glasper et al, 2006)
Inputs from the environment replayed by ther sensory systems
Why does the brain need to continue developing once born?
(Glasper et al, 2006)
- shapes development and learning of nervous system
- is evident in physical, intellectual, language, and social development
When does the cardiovasular system form?
(Glasper et al, 2006)
From the third week
When does the gastrointestinal system form?
(Glasper et al, 2006)
When the endodermal sheet folds over and forms a primitve gut in week 3-4
