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Poultry > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

The term ecto refers to ____.

A

outside

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2
Q

The ___ somite will eventually from skin fro the embryo

A

dermatome

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3
Q

An ovum develops the size of a yolk by collecting lipid particles that were made in the hen’s ___ from the blood

A

liver

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4
Q

If the hen does not receive enough __ and __ in the feed, she will not make an egg

A

calcium and phosphorus

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5
Q

When fertilization occurs, embryonic development begins and continues for the __hours that it takes to form an egg in the hen

A

24 hours

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6
Q

At about __hours of incubation, blood vessels coming from the embryo join with those coming from the area opaca, replacing this area with the yolk sac

A

48 hours

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7
Q

the extraembryonic membranes are __ of the embryo and never become part of it

A

outside

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8
Q

Which membrane is visible when a chick first hatches as it lies next to the shell

A

chorioallantoic

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9
Q

it is expected that more than __ sequences will be discovered in the chicken genome

A

20,000

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10
Q

formation of the central nervous Sstem is dependent upon the __

A

neural tube

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11
Q

Less than __ of the chicks with head in wrong part of the egg malposition hatch

A

One half

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12
Q

all of the parts of a chick are in place by day __ of incubation

A

10 days

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13
Q

The correct position for a chicken embryo to be in the egg is ___

A

head tucked under right wing located toward round (large) end of egg

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14
Q

the most common standard for the developing chick embryo was prepared by ___, who divided the standard into 45 stages

A

hamburger and Hamilton

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15
Q

The neural __ is a region that folds inward to form the neural tube

A

plate

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16
Q

the inner part of the blastoderm is hollowed out and is ___ indicating that light can pass through it to give is an almost transparent appearance

A

Pellucida

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17
Q

Another category of defects is called __ in chickens and birth defects in humans

A

malformations

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18
Q

the outer part of the blastoderm is ___ meaning not much light can pass through

A

opaca

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19
Q

At about day ___ of incubation, the embryo has used much of the yolk

A

19

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20
Q

when does cell division begin for the embryo

A

fertilization

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21
Q

The __ catche steh yolk, which then starts its journey through the oviduct to add the albumen and shell

A

infundibulum

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22
Q

cell division for the embryo starts from the back of the pellucida and creates a thin layer of cells as it moves in a forward direction, creating a ___

A

triangle

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23
Q

When the egg is laid, the blastoderm can be compared to a ___

A

doughnut

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24
Q

A small white dot called the __ is attached to the vitelline membrane and contains the genetics information that is supplied by the female

A

blastodisc

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25
Q

which of the following is not a function of the chorioallantocia membrane

A

provide nutrients to the growing embryo

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26
Q

a healthy embryo will cause the egg to have a ___ appearance when candled

A

red

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27
Q

once a chick hatches, what happens to the solid waste a chick excretes during incubation

A

remains on the shell

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28
Q

which two factors can impact embryonic development

A

genetics and nutrients

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29
Q

once the cells have buckled and formed the primitive groove the primitive streak I snow shaped like a ___

A

pear

30
Q

one of the membranes that forms soon after incubation which appears as a sac on the outside of the embryo is called the ___

A

allantois

31
Q

the term meso refers to ___

A

middle

32
Q

as the cells continue to bunch an move toward the middle of the area pellucida on the blastoderm they cause buckling and create a ___

A

primitive groove

33
Q

the term ending refers to ___

A

inside

34
Q

when the egg is laid and the temperature drops below ___, cell division stops until the egg is brought to incubation temperature

A

85 degrees

35
Q

in commercial poultry, the combination of malposition and malformations decrease the overall hatchablility at about __ percent

A

5%

36
Q

on of the membranes that is formed soon after incubation and extends around the embryo and lies next to the shell is called ___

A

chorion

37
Q

if present, toxic compounds may also enter the egg, either from __ or ___ and these compounds can cause the death of the developing embryo

A

hen’s feed or egg environment

38
Q

when the cells on the triangular wedge of the growing embryo bunch toward the middle and form a concentration of cells that is called the ___

A

primitive streak

39
Q

during the last few days of incubation when the yolk sac absorbed and the chick begins to breath, an increase in __ muct occur

A

humidity

40
Q

producing the right amount of each __ t the right time is what regulates development and life

A

sugar

41
Q

the chorion membrane fuses with the allantois membrane to form __

A

chorioallantoic membrane

42
Q

what happens to the yolk that is not used by the embryo ?

A

absorbed in chick’s abdomen

43
Q

After __ days of incubation, cartilage is present

A

8 day

44
Q

in about ___, an ovum develops to the size of a yolk by collecting lipid particles

A

1 week

45
Q

the egg must have the proper amounts of about ___ different nutrients for the embryo to develop

A

40

46
Q

by day __ of incubation all of the muscle groups present in an adult have been established

A

10 day

47
Q

after __ to __ days of incubation, the embryo appears to be floating in a bed of water, which helps prevent injury to the embryo and keeps the embryo bathed in fluid

A

4-6 days

48
Q

a very serious malposition is __

A

head toward pointed end of egg

49
Q

myotome rom somites 27 through 32 form the __ muscles

A

leg

50
Q

by the time the hen lays the egg, enough embryonic cells have formed to be visibly changed, the blastodisc has changed into the ___

A

blastoderm

51
Q

the cells of the triangular wedge in the area pellucida move towards the middle of the area in a process called __

A

gastrulation

52
Q

yolk contents are retained by the ___

A

vitelline membrane

53
Q

the somites exist for only __ days

A

few

54
Q

eventually the embryo will have ___ pairs of somites after about ___ hours of incubation

A

22; 55

55
Q

what provides the first physical evidence that an egg is fertile ?

A

blood vessels on the yolk sac seen

56
Q

one of the membranes that is formed soon after incubation and forms under the embryo and collects water from the albumen is the ___

A

amnion

57
Q

There are more than ___ vertebrae in the newley hatched chick, and some vertebrae attach to ribs

A

40

58
Q

the area __ is the part of the blastoderm from which the embryo development

A

pellucida

59
Q

Having __ is one malposition and it is not as serious

A

head on outside of head

60
Q

once the yolk sac is absorbed b the embryo, the __ becomes the main source of nutrition fro the embryo

A

yolk

61
Q

cells from they myotome somites form leg Buds between days __ and __

A

6, 8

62
Q

if the embryo is not positioned correctly , the condition is known as ___

A

malposition

63
Q

the first pair of somites appear at about __ hours of incubation

A

24

64
Q

around day __, an increase number of embryos die, with an even larger percentage at day ___

A

4; 18

65
Q

the sperm will locate the ___ and penetrate it in the process of fertilization

A

blastodisc

66
Q

when the yolk is the correct size, it is released from the ovary to the hen’s ___

A

abdomen

67
Q

if the female has mated within the last few weeks , sperm should be present in the ___.

A

infundibulum

68
Q

more than ___ specific kinds of defects have been identified, which commonly affect the skeleton, parts of the head, wings, and legs

A

40

69
Q

supporting structures called extraembryonic membrane develop mostly in the area __ of the blastoderm

A

opaca

70
Q

deficiencies in the hen’s diet such as __ and __ can impact embryonic development

A

minerals and vitamins

71
Q

the white spots are __ tat were caused b the sperm that penetrated the egg’s vitelline membrane

A

bullet holes

72
Q

An ___ egg has a dark middle caused by the yolk when candled

A

infertile

Poultry (5 decks)

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