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Cardiology > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

3 parts of blastocyst

A

outer cell mass = trophoblast
inner cell mass = embryoblast
central cavity = blastocyst cavity

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2
Q

During the blastocyst stage, where are the precardiac cells located and what do they do?

A

located within the epiblast layer on either side of primitive streak and migrate through primitive streak to give rise to intraembryonic mesoderm

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3
Q

During the gastrula stage, where are the precardiac cells located?

A

mesoderm

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4
Q

When is the primitive heart tube formed?

A

day 21-22

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5
Q

when does the heart start to beat?

A

day 22

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6
Q

atrioventricular sulcus

A

intraventricular septum

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7
Q

what is the role of “cardiac jelly”

A

substance between inner and outer layer of developing heart that plays a role in looping and septation of the heart

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8
Q

Why does the heart loop?

A

because the cardiac tube grows at a greater longitudinal rate than the rest of the embryo

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9
Q

What is the normal orientation of the heart loop?

A

looping to the right creating “D loop” (if looped to the embryo’s left it would be L-loop)

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10
Q

During the looping stage, which direction does the primitive atria rotate?

A

posteriorly

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11
Q

when does septation begin?

A

Day 26-28 early post-loop stage

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12
Q

truncus form to…

A

aortic and pulmonary valves
ascending aorta
pulmonary trunk

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13
Q

conus forms to…

A

infundibula of both ventricles

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14
Q

conus forms to…

A

infundibula (outflow track) of both ventricles

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15
Q

bulbis cordis forms to…

A

trabeculated portion of RV

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16
Q

primitive ventricle forms to…

A

trabeculated portion of the LV

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17
Q

primitive atria forms to…

A

left and right atrial appendages

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18
Q

what is the order of embryological structures from cephlad to caudal before looping?

A

truncus, conus, bulbis cordis, primitive ventricle, primitve atria

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19
Q

What are the 3 sets of veins that enter the sinus venousus? And where do they come from or function as?

A
  1. umbilical vein (from placenta)
  2. Vitelline vein (from yolk sac)
  3. Cardinal vein (drains the embryo)
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20
Q

Right umbilical vein forms to…

A

disappear

21
Q

left umbilical vein forms to

A

ductus venosus (disappears after birth)

22
Q

distal right vitelline vein forms to…

A

superior mesenteric artery

23
Q

proximal right vitelline vein forms to

A

suprahepatic portion of the IVC

24
Q

left vitelline vein forms to

A

hepatic sinusoids (note that right vitelline vein also does this)

25
Q

right cardinal vein forms to…

A

SVC, brachiocephalic trunk, innominate veins

26
Q

Left cardinal vein forms to…

A

ligament of Marshall

27
Q

splanchnic plexus forms…

A

pulmonary venous plexus that eventually becomes the pulmonary veins

28
Q

when does atrial and ventricular septation occur?

A

Day 28-42 (post loop stage)

29
Q

when does great artery formation occur?

A

days 35-56

30
Q

what are the 2 masses present during septation of the conus?

A

dextrodorsal and sinistroventral conal crests

31
Q

what does the right intercalated swelling of the truncus form?

A

noncoronary aortic cusp

32
Q

what are the 2 masses present during septation of the conus?

A

dextrodorsal (DDCC) and sinistroventral (SVCC) conal crests

33
Q

what does the right intercalated swelling of the truncus form?

A

noncoronary aortic cusp

34
Q

what does the left intercalated swelling of the truncus form?

A

anterior pulmonary cusp

35
Q

What portions of the conus and truncus fuse to form the spiral shaped septation?

A

SVCC with SITS

DDCC with DSTS

36
Q

What portions of the conus and truncus fuse to form the spiral shaped septation?

A

SVCC with SITS

DDCC with DSTS

37
Q

what is the orientation of the pulmonary artery to the aorta at the great artery level?

A

posterior and to the left

38
Q

what is the orientation of the pulmonary valve to the aortic valve at the semilunar valve level?

A

anterior and to the left

39
Q

what is the orientation of the pulmonary outflow tract to the aortic outflow tract at the infundibular level?

A

anterior and to the right

40
Q

how many aortic arches form?

A

6

41
Q

Where does the ascending aorta come from?

A

aortic sac

42
Q

where does the descending aorta come from?

A

left dorsal aorta

43
Q

what does the proximal portion of the right 6th aortic arch form?

A

proximal right pulmonary artery

44
Q

what does the proximal portion of the left 6th aortic arch form?

A

proximal left pulmonary artery

45
Q

what does the distal portion of the left 6th aortic arch form?

A

ductus arteriosus

46
Q

what happens to the other 5 aortic arches?

A

most of them just disappear

47
Q

what proportion of blood flow does the RV contribute to in fetal circulation?

A

2/3

48
Q

how much blood flow during fetal circulation goes to the lungs and what structure does the other portion of blood go through?

A

6-8 percent to the lungs

ductus arteriosus carries 55-60% of combined ventricular output

Cardiology (2 decks)

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