Embryology

Question 1

Proliferation of ectomesenchyme on both sides of the nasal places result in the formation of what?

Answer 1

Medial and lateral nasal processes

Question 2

Medial nasal processes merge with each other as well as the maxillary processes to form what?

Answer 2

Upper lip

Question 3

Medial nasal processes merge to form what?

Answer 3

Primary palate

Question 4

Maxillary processes come together to form what?

Answer 4

Secondary palate

Question 5

Defective fusion of the medial nasal process with maxillary processes results in what?

Answer 5

Cleft lip

*80% are unilateral

Question 6

Failure of the palatal shelves to fuse results in what?

Answer 6

Cleft palate

Question 7

What is the minimal manifestation of cleft palate?

Answer 7

Bifid uvula

Question 8

______% of developmental cases are CL+CP. ______% are only CP and ______% are CL

Answer 8

45, 30, 25

Question 9

_______% of syndromic cases are CL+CP and _______% are cleft palate only

Answer 9

30, 50

*pierre robin sequence is one that has CP, Micrognathia and glossoptosis (downward displacement of tongue)

Question 10

Lack of fusion of the maxillary and mandibular processes results in what?

Answer 10

Lateral facial cleft

Question 11

Failure of fusion of the lateral nasal processes with the maxillary process results in what?

Answer 11

Oblique facial cleft

*upper lip to eye, almost always associated with CP

Question 12

The rare failure of fusion of the medial nasal processes results in?

Answer 12

Median cleft of upper lip

Question 13

What is the prevalence of orofacial clefts across races?

Answer 13

• Native american (1/250)
• Asians (1/300)
• Caucasians (1/700)
• African American (1/1500)

*CL+CP more in males. CPO more in females

Question 14

The surface being intact but a defect in underlying musculature and bone causing a hard palate margin is called what?

Answer 14

Submucous palatal cleft

Question 15

Paramedian pits are typical of what syndrome containing CL and CP as well?

Answer 15

Van der Woude syndrome

*2% of all CL and CP

Question 16

An abnormally small tongue is called what?

Answer 16

Microglossia

Question 17

Developmental tongue abnormality with a short, thick lingual frenum is called what?

Answer 17

Ankyloglossia

Question 18

If the primitive thyroid gland does not descend normally and is found between the foramen cecum and epiglottis it is called what?

Answer 18

Lingual thyroid

Question 19

Epithelial remnants of the thyroglossal tract can result in what?

Answer 19

Thyroglossal duct cyst

Question 20

A lingual mandibular salivary gland found below the inferior alveolar canal showing as a radiolucency is called what?

Answer 20

Stafne defect

*no real treatment

Question 21

Assymetric overgrowth of one or more body parts is called?

Answer 21

Hemihyperplasia

Question 22

The premature closing of cranial sutures results in what?

Answer 22

Craniofacial dyostosis (crouzon syndrome)

Question 23

Which syndrome is characterized by syndactyly digits, ocular proptosis, trapezoid shape to lips?

Answer 23

Apert syndrome

Question 24

Defects of the 1st and 2nd branchial arches can result in underdeveloped mandibulofacial features and is called?

Answer 24

Treacher-collins syndrome