Embryology of the Head, Face and Oral Cavity - Trump 2017

Question 1

when does the central face start to develop?

Answer 1

4 weeks starting with the nasal placodes

Question 2

The upper lip forms from what?

Answer 2

the medial nasal processes merging together as well as the maxillary processes merging to those

Question 3

the primary palate forms from what?

Answer 3

the merger of the medial nasal processes

Question 4

the secondary palate is formed from what?

Answer 4

the maxillary process of the first pharyngeal arch

Question 5

WHat is cleft lip a result of? Is it bilateral or unilateral more often? When conditions need to be met for treatment to begin?

Answer 5

defective fusion of the medial nasal process with the maxillary process
80% are unilateral
Tx: lip, rule of 10: 10 weeks 10lbs 10gm %HM

Question 6

what is cleft palate a result of? when do we treat it?

Answer 6

failure of the palatal shelves to fuse

treatment at about 1.5 years

Question 7

Is it more common to have only Cleft palate or only Cleft Lip? HOw common is it to have both?

Answer 7

CP is more common but CL+CP is the most common

Question 8

For Syndromic clefts what is most common (CL+CP or just CP or just CL)?

Answer 8

Cleft palate only is most common for syndromic patients

Question 9

What is one syndrome we should know where Cleft palate is part of the syndrome? what are the other symptoms of this syndrome?

Answer 9

Pierre Robin sequence
CP
Mandibular MIcrognathia
Glossoptosis (downward displacement)

Question 10

What are the factors involved in non syndromic cleft palate?

Answer 10

maternal alcohol or tobacco use
folic acid deficiency
corticosteroid use
anticonvulsant therapy

Question 11

what causes lateral facial cleft?

Answer 11

lack of fusion of the maxillary and mandibular processes

Question 12

what causes oblique facial cleft?

Answer 12

failure of fusion of the lateral nasal processes with maxillary process. commonly associated with Cleft Palate

Question 13

what causes Median cleft of the upper lip?

Answer 13

failure of fusion of the medial nasal processes

Question 14

what is the most common orofacial cleft?

Answer 14

oblique facial cleft

Question 15

who are the top two races who have the highest prevalence of orofacial clefts?

Answer 15

Native Americans and Asians

Question 16

if you see a bone notch on the posterior hard palate margin and a bluish midline discoloration in the mouth what is likely underneath the epithelium?

Answer 16

a submucous palatal cleft

Question 17

T/F commisural lip pits are associated with facial and/or palatal clefts

Answer 17

false

Question 18

what type of lip pits are bilateral and are associated with syndromes?

Answer 18

paramedian lip pits

Question 19

paramedian lip pits can be associated with what syndrome specifically?

Answer 19

van der Woude Syndrome

Question 20

What is the most common form of syndromic clefting?

Answer 20

van der woude syndrome

Question 21

What is microglossia? is it usually syndromic? What condition is it usually associated with? What can be missing?

Answer 21

abnormally small tongu
usually syndromic
associated with micrognathia
lower incisors may be missing

Question 22

What is Ankyloglossia? Which gender gets it more? What is the treatment? AT what age?

Answer 22

having a short thick lingual frenum resulting in limitation of tongue movement
Males more often have it
frenotomy at 4-5

Question 23

What oral structure can house an undescended thyroid gland?

Answer 23

the tongue most often

Question 24

Lingual thyroid is more common in which gender? When do symptoms usually arise? Do patients have hypothyroidism?

Answer 24

females
puberty
1/3 of patients have hypothydroidism

Question 25

what is the treatment for a thyroglossal duct cyst? what is the presentation of one?

Answer 25

removal

presents as a painless, fluctuant, movable swelling at or near midline