Emotion and Motivation Flashcards
What are the two directions that a motivation can lead to?
Approach: move towards stimulus
Avoidance: move away from stimulus
What is the evolutionary theory for motivation?
Instincts guide motivated behaviours, which will allow them to pass on their genes.
How did William James define instincts?
Complex unlearned responses to stimuli.
What is ethology?
The study of behaviour in a natural setting. Instinctive behaviours exist because they had adaptive value.
What is a fixed action pattern?
Instinctive behavioural sequence that is individual and runs to completion.
What is the preparedness hypothesis?
We have an innate biological tendency to respond instinctively to stimuli that posed a threat to our ancestors.
Explain the Drive Reduction Theory (Behaviourist) of Motivation
We all have biological needs (deprivations) that energise a drive to satisfy deprivations. Goal-driven motivation
Explain the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (Biological) of motivation
Three main systems
BAS: associated with approach motivations, impulsiveness and addictive behaviour
FFFS: sensitive to averse stimuli, avoidance and panic
BIS: sensitive to goal conflict, inhibits behaviour and seeks to resolve conflict. Associated with risk assessment and anxiety.
Describe Henry Murray’s contribution to Motivation theory
Motivations are largely unconscious. Developed Thematic Acceptation Test to identify unconscious motives; achievement, power, affiliation
Describe Self-Reported Achievement
We set goals for ourselves and only enjoy relaxation after satisfactory work. But, needs cannot be measured by ourselves as we are not aware of our unconscious motives. Only reflect conscious motives
Describe Atkinson’s Risk-Taking model
When the chance of succeeding in 50%, people with a need for achievement will approach task.
What is the Self-Determination Theory?
Motivations are not necessarily triggered by needs; competence, relatedness and autonomy.
What two chemicals are rebased during sex?
Endorphins and oxytocin
What types of societies influence sexual activities?
Hierarchical: restrict behaviour in women and low class men Egalitarian: societies become more permissive
What influences sexual orientation?
Genetics, corpus callous larger in gay men, prenatal hormones larger in lesbian women and social factors
