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Med Term > Encrodrine > Flashcards

Encrodrine Flashcards

1
Q

homeostasis

A

ability of the body to maintain a state of equilibrium within its internal environment, regardless of changing conditions in the outside environment

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2
Q

hormone

A

chemical substance produced by specialized cells of the body; it works slowly and affects many different processes, including growth and development, sexual function, mood, and metabolism

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3
Q

metabolism

A

sum of all chemical and physical processes occurring within living cells

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4
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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5
Q

adrenal/o

A

adrenal glands

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6
Q

adren/o

A

adrenal glands

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7
Q

calc/o

A

calcium

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8
Q

gluc/o

A

sugar, sweetness

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9
Q

glyc/o

A

sugar, sweetness

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10
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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11
Q

parathyroid/o

A

parathyroid glands

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12
Q

pituitar/o

A

pituitary gland

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13
Q

thym/o

A

thymus gland

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14
Q

thyr/o

A

thyroid gland

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15
Q

thyroid/o

A

thyroid gland

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16
Q

toxic/o

A

poison

17
Q

hyper-

A

excessive, above normal

18
Q

poly

A

many, much

19
Q

Addison disease

A

hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex that results in generalized malaise, weakness, muscle atrophy, severe loss of fluids and electrolytes, low blood pressure, hypoglycemia, and hyperpigmentation of the skin

20
Q

cushing syndrome

A

cluster of symptoms caused by excessive amounts of cortisol (glucocorticoid) or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) circulating in blood; may result from the use of oral corticosteroids, or caused by tumors that produce cortisol or ACTH

21
Q

diabetes mellitus (DM)

A

group of metabolic diseases characterized by high glucose levels that result from defects in insulin secretion, action or both and that occur in two primary forms: type 1 and type 2

22
Q

type 1 diabetes

A

abrupt onset of DM, usually in childhood, caused by destruction of the beta islet cells of the pancreas, with complete deficiency of insulin secretion that requires injection of insulin from one to several times a day to maintain normal blood glucose levels

23
Q

type 2 diabetes

A

gradual onset of DM, usually appearing in middle age and caused by deficiency in the production of insulin or resistance to the action of insulin by the cells of the body

24
Q

insulinoma

A

tumor of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas

25
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas that occurs when pancreatic enzymes that digest food are activated in the pancreas instead of the duodenum and attack the pancreatic tissue, causing damage to the gland; most commonly caused by alcoholism and biliary tract disease

26
Q

panhypopituitarism

A

total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormonal activity

27
Q

pheochromocytoma

A

rare adrenal gland tumor that causes excessive release of epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (hormones that regulate heart rate and blood pressure) and induces severe blood pressure elevation

28
Q

fasting blood glucose (FBG)

A

test that measures glucose levels in blood after the patient has fasted (not eaten) for at least 8 hours; used to diagnose pancreatic disorders, such as diabetes and hypoglycemia

29
Q

glucose tolerance test (GTT)

A

test in which a patient fasts for 8-12 hours and then ingests glucose, and blood samples are taken to determine how quickly the glucose is cleared from blood; used to diagnose diabetes with higher accuracy than other blood glucose tests

30
Q

radioactive iodine uptake test (RAIU)

A

imaging procedure that measures levels of radioactivity in the thyroid after oral or intravenous administration of radioactive iodine; used to determine thyroid function by monitoring the ability of the thyroid to take up iodine from the blood

31
Q

thyroid function test (TFT)

A

blood test that measures thyroid hormone levels to detect an increase or decrease in thyroid function

32
Q

total calcium

A

blood test that measures calcium to detect parathyroid and bone disorders

33
Q

lobectomy

A

removal of one lobe in treatment of endocrine diseases, such as hyperthyroidism

34
Q

thymectomy

A

excision of the thymus gland in cases of myasthenia gravis or tumor

35
Q

transsphenoidal hypophysectomy

A

minimally invasive endoscopic surgery that removes pituitary tumors through the nasal cavity via the sphenoid sinus (transsphenoidal) without affecting the brain

36
Q

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

A

synthetic hormone used to correct deficiency of estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, or testosterone hormone; relieve symptoms of menopause; and prevent osteoporosis in women

37
Q

insulins

A

replace insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes or severe type 2 diabetes

38
Q

oral antidiabetics

A

treat type 2 diabetes by stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin or lower glucose levels in blood

Med Term (11 decks)

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