Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHARM 204 (Final) > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Amino Acid Derivative

A

Released by Adrenal Glands:
- Thyroid Hormones
- Catecholamines (Adrenaline, Noradrenaline)
Released by Pineal Glands:
- Melatonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Peptide Hormones

A

Chains of Amino Acids
Released by Pituitary Gland
- Growth Hormone
- Tyrosine-Stimulating Hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lipid Derivative

A

Steroid Hormones (Cholesterol Derived)
- Reproductive Hormones
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones

Eicosanoids (Arachidonic Acid Derived)
- Blood Clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hypothalamus Endocrine Activities

A

Produces ADH and Oxytocin
–> Released at Posterior Pituitary Gland
Uses regulatory hormones to regulate
–> Anterior Pituitary Gland Activity
Autonomic Centers of Hypothalamus
–> Controls of Adrenal Cortex release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Infundibulum

A

Connects Hypothalamus to Pituitary Gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Adenohypophysis

A

Anterior Pituitary Gland
- Releases 7 Peptide Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Neurohypophysis

A

Posterior Pituitary Gland
- Releases 2 Peptide Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Anterior Pituitary (Pars Distalis)

A

Secretes majority of hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Anterior Pituitary (Pars Intermedia)

A

Secretes melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anterior Pituitary (Pars Tuberalis)

A

Wraps around part of Infundibulumq

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anterior Pituitary Cell Types (Thyrotropes)

A

Releases Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Anterior Pituitary Cell Types (Corticotropes)

A

Release Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
(ACTH)
Release Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
(MSH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Anterior Pituitary Cell Types (Gonadotropes)

A

Release Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Release Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Anterior Pituitary Cell Types (Lactotropes)

A

Release Prolactin (PRL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Anterior Pituitary Cell Types (Somatotropes)

A

Release Growth Hormone (GH)
- AKA Somatotropin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

FSH Function

A

Targets Female Ovaries
- Maturation of Oocyte
- Release of Estrogen

Targets Males Seminiferous Tubules
- Sperm Production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

LH Function

A

Targets Female Ovaries
- Causes ovulation
- Release of Progestin (Progesterone)

Targets Males Interstitial Cells
- Release of Estrogen
- Release of Androgens (Testosterone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ADH
- When is it released
- Function

A

Released by posterior pituitary when:
- Rise in Electrolyte Concentrations
- Fall in Blood Pressure

Function:
Kidneys Retain Water
- Prevents Dehydration
Constricts Blood Vessels
- BP goes up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Oxytocin
- Function

A

Females:
- Uterine Contractions
- Mammary Glands release milk

Males:
- Smooth Muscle Contractions of Prostate Gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where is the Thyroid Gland?

A

Anterior Side of Trachea

Inferior to Thyroid Cartilage and Cricoid Cartilage

21
Q

When is TSH released?

A
  1. T3 and T4 levels low
  2. Hypothalamus releases TRH
  3. TRH stimulates anterior pituitary to release TSH
  4. TSH stimulates Thyroid Gland to release T3 and T4
22
Q

Thyroid Follicles Epithelium

A

Follicles are lined with Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Made up of T Thyrocytes (Follicular Cells)

23
Q

T Thyrocytes

A

Secretes Thyroglobulin and Iodine into colloid
- Tyrosine + Iodine = Thyroglobulin (T3, T4)

24
Q

Thyroid Peroxidase

A

Apical Side of Thyrocytes (Facing Colloid)
–> Synthesizes T3 and T4

25
Q

C Thyrocytes

A

Produce Calcitonin

Lowers Calcium Concentration in blood
- Inhibit Osteoclast –> Inhibit Bone Resorption
- Stimulates calcium ion excretion

26
Q

Thyroid vs Parathyroid Function

A

Thyroid = Metabolism
Parathyroid = Calcium

27
Q

Parathyroid
- Produces what?
- Function

A

PTH increases blood calcium levels

Oxyphil Cells
- Supports PTH production

28
Q

PTH Targets and Function

A

Bone Target:
- Stimulates osteoclasts to remove calcium ions from bone

Kidney Target:
- Reduce urinary excretion of calcium ions
- Stimulates kidneys to produce calcitriol
–> Increase intestinal absorption of calcium ions

29
Q

Location of Adrenal Cortex
Location of Adrenal Medulla

A

Cortex = Superficial
Medulla = Deep

30
Q

Zona Glomerulosa

A

Superficial

Produce Mineralocorticoids (Salt)
- Aldosterone

31
Q

Zona Fasciculate

A

Intermediate

Produce Glucocorticoids (Sugar)
- Cortisol

32
Q

Zona Reticularis

A

Deep

Produce Androgens (Sex)

33
Q

Aldosterone (Mineralocorticoid)

A

Increase Salt reabsorption
–> Water follows –> Increase BP

34
Q

Cortisol (Glucocorticoid)

A

Promotes metabolism, formation of glycogen and glucose

35
Q

Androgens

A

Development of Pubic Hair

36
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A

Made up of two types of Chromaffin Cells

One type produces Epinephrine
Other produces Norepinephrine
–> Fight/Flight (Sympathetic)

37
Q

Kidney Endocrine Response (Blood Pressure)

A

Produce Angiotensin II:
1. Low Blood Pressure
2. Kidneys release Renin
3. Renin converts Angiotensinogen into Angiotensin I
4. ACE converts Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II

38
Q

Angiotensin II Function

A
  • Stimulates Adrenal Cortex to release Aldosterone
  • Causes Blood Vessels to constrict

–> Raises Blood Pressure

39
Q

Kidney Endocrine Response (Calcium)

A

Produce Calcitriol
1. Low Calcium in Blood
2. Parathyroid Hormone targets Kidneys
3. Kidneys release calcitriol
4. Calcitriol causes Small intestines absorb calcium ions into bloodstream

40
Q

Calcitriol Activation

A

Cholecalciferol (Vit D) converted into intermediate products in liver

Liver products converted to calcitriol in kidneys

41
Q

Heart Endocrine Response

A

ANP Production:
1. High Blood Pressure (Usually caused by high volume)
2. Right Atrium Heart Cells detect high volume
3. Heart Cells release ANP
4. ANP inhibits ADH and Aldosterone

42
Q

Pancreas 2 Functions

A

Exocrine Function
- Digestive Enzymes
Endocrine Function
- Pancreatic Islets (Alpha/Beta/Delta/F Cells)

43
Q

Alpha Cells

A

Glucagon

Raises Glucose Levels
- Liver breaks down glycogen into glucose

44
Q

Beta Cells

A

Insulin

Lowers Glucose Levels
- Increases body’s absorption of glucose

45
Q

Delta Cells

A

Somatostatin

Makes body more static (Inhibits Growth)
- Inhibits Glucagon Production
- Inhibits Insulin Production

46
Q

F Cells

A

Pancreatic Polypeptide

Regulates production of pancreatic enzymes
- Inhibits Gallbladder contractions
–> Makes more bile

47
Q

Pineal Gland

A

Contains Pinealocytes
–> Makes Melatonin Hormone

48
Q

Melatonin Function

A

Slows maturation of sperm, oocytes, reproductive organs

More produced at night (Makes you sleepy)
Declines during the day

PHARM 204 (Final) (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions