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ABS&C > ENDOCRINE > Flashcards

ENDOCRINE Flashcards

1
Q

What organ is the overall controller of the endocrine systme?

A

pituitary gland

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2
Q

The pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus via the _______

A

median eminence/
infindibulum

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3
Q

The pituitary gland sits withing the pituitary fossa (_______) in the ________bone

A

sella turcica
sphenoid bone

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4
Q

Blood supply to the pituitary gland is from the _______ & _______

A

internal carotid arteries &
circle of willis

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5
Q

what is the adenohypophysis?

A

anterior pituitary

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6
Q

what is the neurohypophysis?

A

posterior pituitary

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7
Q

growth hormone is also called __________

A

somatotropin

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8
Q

What is the precursor for ACTH?

A

POMC

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9
Q

What hormone inhibits prolactin?

A

dopamine

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10
Q

What stimulates neuroendocrine cells in hypothalamus to release CRH?

A

stress

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11
Q

CRH release form neuroendocrine cells in the hypothalamus triggers __________ hormone release

A

AcTH

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12
Q

ACTH release [from CRH] triggers __________

A

adrenal gland to increase glucocortocoids

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13
Q

As a response to cold, which hormone is first released?
affects which cells?
releases which hormones?
causes which effect?

A

TRH
thyrotrops in pars distalis
TSH
thyroid gland to increase T3 & T4

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14
Q

The hypothalamus releases what type of hormones that affect the anterior pituitary?

A

releasing hormones

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15
Q
A

1: median eminence
2: CRH
3: ACTH
4: glucocortocoids eg cortisol

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16
Q

What are two hormones produces by the posterior pituitary?

A

vasopressin
oxytocin

17
Q

growth hormone has what type types of effects?

A

indirect anabolic
direct catabolic

18
Q

Growth hormones goes to what organ?
releases what?

A

liver
releases: insulin-like growth factor 1

19
Q

pituitary dwarfism is caused by cystic enlargement of ________

A

rathke’s pouch in anterior pituitary

20
Q

What is acromegaly?

A

abnormal growth of head, feet, caused by growth hormone

21
Q

What is a physical sifference between pituitary dwarfism & thyroid dwarfism?

A

pituitary: looks like they got shrunk
thyroid: disproportionate (big head etc)

22
Q

Which arteries provide blood supply to the thyroid gland?

A

thyrocervical arteries

23
Q
A

parathyroid gland

24
Q

How many parathyroid glands exist?

A
  1. two are external
25
Q

parathyroid hormone increases what element?

A

calcium

26
Q

parathyroid hormone synthesis comes from which cells?

A

chief cells

27
Q

?

A

resorption lacunae

28
Q

What is the functional unit of the thyroid gland?

A

follicle/acini

29
Q

the center of each thyroid follicle has a deposit of the thyroid hormone precursor ________
this is known as a ________

A

thyroglobulin
as a colloid

30
Q

sodium-iodide symporter expression is controlled by which hormone?

A

TSH

31
Q

the sodium-iodide symporter moves iodine from where to where?

A

from blood to cuboidal epithelium/thyroid

32
Q
A

ABS&C (15 decks)

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