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Histology > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Second messenger system of the body

A

Endocrine system

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2
Q

Hormones control several major processes

A

Reproduction, growth and development, homeostasis, metabolism and body defenses

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3
Q

Hormone overview

A

Specialized cells- ECF- blood- target sites- other cells

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4
Q

Hormone levels in the blood are maintained by

A

Negative feedback

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5
Q

What triggers the release of more hormone in the blood

A

Stimulus and low hormone

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6
Q

Stimulus of endocrine gland

A

Hormonal, humural and neural

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7
Q

Neural Stimuli of Endocrine Glands most under contol of

A

Sympathetic nervous system

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8
Q

The glands are ductless; thus, hormonal secretions are poured directly to the blood through the

A

Capillaries

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9
Q

The internal supporting framework is

A

Reticular tissue

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10
Q

What type of capillaries, endocrine glands has

A

Fenestrated

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11
Q

Pituitary gland–Pineal gland–Adrenal medulla

A

Ectodermal in origin

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12
Q

Adrenal cortex–Leydig cells of the testis–Theca interna cells of the ovary

A

Mesodermal in origin

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13
Q

Thyroid gland–Parathyroid gland–Islets of Langerhans–Parafollicular cells or C-cells

A

Endodermal in origin

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14
Q

Ectodermal outpocketing of the stomodeum

A

Rathke’s pouch

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15
Q

Anterior wall of Rathke’s pouch gives rise to the

A

Pars distalis and pars tuberalis

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16
Q

Posterior wall of Rathke’s pouch gives rise to the

A

Pars intermedia

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17
Q

Development of pituitary gland

A

Rathkes’s pouch and infundibulum

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18
Q

Downward extension of the diencephalon

A

Infundibulum

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19
Q

Gives rise to the adenohypophysis

A

Rathke’s pouch

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20
Q

Gives rise to the neurohypophysis

A

Infundibulum

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21
Q

Pituitary gland also known as

A

Hypophysis cerebri

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22
Q

The hypophysis is a pea-sized glandular organ lodged in the _____________of the ____________ of the body of the _____________

A

Hypophyseal fossa; sella tursica; sphenoid

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23
Q

Pituitary gland is connected by the _________________to the base of the brain and is covered by a capsule of dense connective tissue

A

Infundibulum stalk

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24
Q

Anterior part derived from the Rathke’s pouch

A

Adenohypohpysis

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25
Q

Posterior part developed as a downgrowth from the floor of the diencephalon

A

Neurohypophysis

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26
Q

An outgrowth from the ectodermal roof of the primitive oral cavity

A

Adenohypophysis

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27
Q

Also known as the anterior pituitary

A

Adenohypophysis

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28
Q

Subdivisions of anterior pituitary

A

Pars distalis–Pars intermedia–Pars tuberalis

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29
Q

Largest subdivision of the adenohyphysis

A

Pars distalis

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30
Q

2 categories of pars distalis

A

Chromophils and chromophobes

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31
Q

Smallest and least numerous among the cells in the pars distalis

A

Chromophobes

32
Q

These cells are referred to as reserve cells since some of them may differentiate into acidophils of basophils as the need arises

A

Chromophobes

33
Q

Since they are small, their nuclei lie close to each other; and their cytoplasm is scanty, thus hardly seen

A

Chromophobes

34
Q

It is found between the pars distalis and the infundibular process

A

Pars intermedia

35
Q

It is characterized by the presence of follicles or cysts filled with colloid and lined by columnar epithelium, which are called Rathke’s cyst

A

Pars internedia

36
Q

Also found in pars intermedia

A

polygonal basophilic cells

37
Q

The hormone of the pars intermedia is the

A

Melanocyte stimulating hirmone

38
Q

causes the dispersion of melanin pigments in the melanoblast and increase the pigmentation of the skin

A

MSH

39
Q

It is the most highly vascular portion of the hypophysis

A

Pars tubelaris

40
Q

It is formed of longitudinal columns or cords of cells that descend towards the pars distalis

A

Pars tubelaris

41
Q

There is no hormone isolated in the

A

Pars tubelaris

42
Q

Cells tpe of pars tubelaris

A

Undifferentiated cells and Small basophils and acidophils

43
Q

It is formed of venules that connect the capillaries in the median eminence with the capillary sinusoids in the pars distalis

A

Hypophyseal system

44
Q

It is thru the _________________ circulation that the releasing hormones from the hypothalamus reach the secretory cells of the pars distalis

A

Hypophyseal portal

45
Q

The neurohormones from the hypothalamus reach the pars distalis through

A

Nerve fibers

46
Q

The blood supply of the hypophysis is derived from the

A

Superior hypophyseal arteries

47
Q

hypohyseal arteries, branches of the

A

internal carotid and branches of the posterior communicating arteries

48
Q

is formed of unmyelinated nerve fibers of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract

A

Neurohypophysis

49
Q

The neurohypophysis axons descend through the median eminence to the

A

Infundibular stalk and infundibular process

50
Q

cells with numerous processes and are considered as modified neuroglial cells

A

Pituicytes

51
Q

Herring bodies are released and restored at the

A

axolemma of the nerve fibers

52
Q

Synthesized by the paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus

A

Pitocin/oxytocin

53
Q

Synthesized by the supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus

A

Pitressinor ADH (Anti-Diuretic Hormone

54
Q

Throid gland descends in front of the pharyngeal gut as a

A

Bilobed diverticulum

55
Q

Bilobed diverticulum coonected to the tongue by a narrow canal

A

Thyroglossal duct

56
Q

The cystic remnants of the thyroglossal duct is called the

A

Throglossal cyst

57
Q

gives rise to the ultimobranchial body, which later is incorporated in the thyroid gland

A

5th paryngeal pouch

58
Q

Herring bodies are released and restored at the

A

axolemma of the nerve fibers

59
Q

The gland is found in the anterior part of the neck, consisting of two lobesconnected by a narrow isthmus, which crosses the trachea just below the cricoid cartilage

A

Thyroid gland

60
Q

Synthesized by the supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus

A

Pitressinor ADH (Anti-Diuretic Hormone

61
Q

Throid gland descends in front of the pharyngeal gut as a

A

Bilobed diverticulum

62
Q

Bilobed diverticulum coonected to the tongue by a narrow canal

A

Throglossal duct

63
Q

Structural unit of the thyroid gland

A

spherical cystlike follicles

64
Q

spherical cystlike follicles, which are lined by

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium and gelatinous colloid

65
Q

The follicular cells of thyroid gland surrounded by

A

Thin basal lamina

66
Q

Epithelial cells of thyroid gland

A

Cuboidal

67
Q

Epithelial cell of thryoid gland when hypoactive

A

Squamous

68
Q

Epithelial cell of thyroid gland when hyperactive

A

Columnar

69
Q

Describe the nucleus of thyroid gland

A

spherical, centrally located, poor in chromatin and contain one or ore nucleoli

70
Q

Epithelial cells of thyroid gland

A

Cuboidal

71
Q

Epithelial cell of thryoid gland when hypoactive

A

Squamous

72
Q

Epithelial cell of thyroid gland when hyperactive

A

Columnar

73
Q

Describe the nucleus of thyroid gland

A

spherical, centrally located, poor in chromatin and contain one or ore nucleoli

74
Q

parafollicular cells based on their position, but with the discovery that they produce

A

Calcitonin

75
Q

C Cells

A

Parafollicular cells

Histology (1 decks)

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