Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > Endocrine Disorders > Flashcards

Endocrine Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Exocrine vs Endocrine

A

Exocrine glands secrete into ductal system to an epithelial surface
Endocrine glands secrete products directly into the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pancreas

A

Behind stomach
Endocrine and Exocrine functions
Acinar cells used in digestion
Produces insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is Glucagon produced?
Function?

A

In Alpha Cells
Essential for blood glucose control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is Insulin produced?
Function?

A

In Beta Cells
Antagonistic to Glucagon
Pulls glucose into cells from blood
Inhibits gluconeogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is Somatostatin produced?
Function?

A

In Delta Cells
Inhibits Glucagon and Insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pancreatic Polypeptide

A

Produced in PP cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Effects of Insulin

A
  • Lowers blood glucose
  • Enhances membrane transport of glucose into fat and glucose cells
  • Inhibits gluconeogenesis glycogenolysis (paracrine effect)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Effects of Glucagon

A

Major target is Liver
- Promotes Glycogenolysis= breakdown of glycogen to glucose
- Promotes Gluconeogenesis= glucose synthesis from lactic acid + noncarbohydrates
- Releases glucose into blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When blood glucose levels increase……

A

Insulin secreted by Islets of Langerhans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Islet of Langerhans

A

Contains
Alpha Cell- Glucagon
Beta Cell- Insulin
Delta Cell- Somatostatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hyperglycaemia

A

Increased blood glucose
Insulin secreted to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hypoglycaemia

A

Recued blood glucose
Glucagon secreted to stimulate glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (Increased BM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hormones produced

Function of Hypothalamus

A

Secretion of hormones to control Anterior Pituitary

Oxytocin

Production of AntiDiuretic Hormone & Oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Function of Anterior Pituitary

A

Production of hormones that control endocrine glands
TSH, FSH, ACTH
GH,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Function of Posterior Pituitary

A

Release ADH & Oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What artery are hormones from the Hypothalamus released into?

What connects hypothalmus to Pituitary Gland?

A

Hypophyseal Artery

Infundibulum

17
Q

-Trophs

Types of hormones released by Anterior Pituitary

A

Somatotrophs-GH
Thyrotrophs- TSH in response to TRH
Corticotrophs- ACTH
Gonadotrophs- LH & FSH
Lactotrophs-Proloactin

18
Q

Effect of Hyper-Secretion of
Somatotrophs
Thyrotrophs
Corticotrophs
Gonadotrophs
Lactotrophs

A

Somatotrophs- Acromegaly
Thyrotrophs- Hyperthyroidism
Corticotrophs- Cushings
Gonadotrophs-
Lactotrophs- Infertility/Amenorrhea

19
Q

Effect of Hypo-Secretion of
Somatotrophs
Thyrotrophs
Corticotrophs
Gonadotrophs
Lactotrophs

A

Somatotrophs- Dwarfism
Thyrotrophs- Hypothyroidism
Corticotrophs- Adrenal Insuffiency
Gonadotrophs- Infertility/Reduced libido
Lactotrophs- Abscence of postpartum milk

20
Q

Order of Hormone release for Thyroid

A

Hypothalamus- TRH
Anterior Pituitary- TSH
Thyroid- T3+ T4

21
Q

Vertebral level

Hormones released by Thyroid/Parathyroid

A

C5-T1
T3+ T4
Calcitonin

21
Q

What are the mechanisms of Endocrine autoimmunity?

A
  • Direct Antibody- Direct action on gland
  • T Cell mediated- Autoreactive Macrophages/Cytokine release
  • Immune Complex- Antigens/Antibodies
  • Genetic- eg.Insulin Diabetes

Eg. 1)Graves 2)Hashimotos 3)Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

22
Q

Functions of Thyroid Hormone

A

Increase metabolic rate
Increases syntehsis of NA/K pump
Stimulates protein synthesis
Stimulates Erythropoietin

23
Q

TSH, T4 T4 levels in:
* Hyperthyroidism
* Hypothyroidism

Primary + Secondary Hypothyroidism

A

Hyper- Low TSH + High T3/T4
Primary Hypo- High TSH + Low T3/T4
Secondary Hypo- Low TSH + Low T3/T4

24
Q

Signs/Symptoms of HyperThyroidism

A
  • Palpatations/Tachycardia
  • Tremor/Increased Appetite
  • Goiter/Heat Intolerance
  • Polyuria/Loss of Libido
  • Fatigue/Weakness
  • Diarrhoea/ Weight Loss
25
Q

Graves Disease
TSH levels?
Appearance

A

Autoimmune- IgG antibodies bind to TSH receptors, increased T3/T4 release
T3/T4 Negative feedback on TSH
Low TSH+High T3/T4
Enlarged Gland-Goitre?

26
Q

Signs Specific to Graves Disease

A

Proteins in eyes affected by same antibodies
Exophthalmos- Bulging eyes retracted eyelids caused y inflammation
Thyroid Acropachy- Swelling of soft tissue and finger clubbing (Rare)

27
Q

Treatment of Grave’s

A

Drugs- Methimazole/ Propylthiouracil
Radioactive Iodine- Absorbed by Thyroid destroys cells
Surgery- Removal of parts of Thyroid

28
Q

Causes of Hypothyroidism

A
  • Autoimmune- Hashimoto’s
    antibodies destroy gland= reduced secretion
  • Iodine Deficiency- Diet
  • Pituitary Disorder-Benign tumour? Reduced TSH release
29
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Hypothyroidism

A

Reduced Metabolism- Feeling cold
Cardiac Dilation/Increased afterload
Scaly/Dry skin
Depression/Low mood
Slow reflexes/Constipation
Loss of outer eyebrow hair

30
Q
A

Physiology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions