Endocrine Glands

Question 1

Hypothalamus

Answer 1

• Stimulated by Autonomic NS
• Releases and inhibits hormones:
  
  • GHRH: Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone
  • CRH: Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone
  • TRH: Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone
  • GnRH: Gonadotropic-Releasing Hormone
  • PRH: Prolactin-Releasing Hormone
  • PIH: Prolactin-Inhibiting Hormone
• Stimulates and inhibits anterior pituitary hormone secretion

Question 2

Anterior Pituitary

Answer 2

• Simulated by hypothatlamic hormones and hormone levels
• Hormones released:
  
  • GH: Growth Hormone
  • ACTH: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
  • TSH: Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone
  • FSH: Follice-Stimulating Hormone
  • LH: Luteinizing Hormone
  • RPL: Prolactin

Question 3

Posterior Pituitary

Answer 3

• Stimulated by hypothalamus
• Releases:
  
  • ADH: Antidiuretic Hormone (Vasopressin)
  • Oxytocin

Question 4

Thyroid

Answer 4

• Stimulated by TSH, calcium level
• Releases:
  
  • T3: affects all cells; increases cellular metabolism
  • T4: affects all cells; increases cellular metabolism
  • Cacitonin: stimultes bone to increase Ca uptake

Question 5

Pancreas

Answer 5

• Stimulated by levels of glucose and amino acids
• Secretes:
  
  • Glucagon: alpha cells; promotes glycogenolysis in liver
  • Insulin: beta cells; promotes glucose uptake; protein, glycogen, fat synthesis
  • Somatostatin: delta cells; locally inhibits alpha & beta cells

Question 6

Adrenal Cortex

Answer 6

• Stimulated by ACTH
• Secretes:
  
  • Glucocorticoids
    
    • Cortisol: increases BG, suppresses inflammation and immune
  • Mineralocorticoids
    
    • Aldosterone: regulates electrolyte & fluid balance
  • Small amounts of sex hormones
    
    • Estrogen
    • Testosterone
    • Progesterone

Question 7

Adrenal Medulla

Answer 7

• Stimulated by sympathetic nervous system, via hypothalamus
• Secretes:
  
  • Epinephrine: fight or flight
  • Norepinephrine: vasoconstriction