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Anat 1 > endocrine lecture quiz > Flashcards

endocrine lecture quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine glands…

A
  • hormones they secrete regulate processes such as growth and metabolism.
  • They are a group of ductless glands.
  • They secrete messenger molecules called hormones.
  • The hormones they secrete travel slower than nerve impulses.
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2
Q

Which arrangement of endocrine cells does not allow for maximum contact with blood capillaries?

A

branching networks

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3
Q

Compared to most other organs in the body, endocrine organs are

A

well vascularized

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4
Q

Endocrine cells that secrete steroids have all of the following cytoplasmic features

A
  • secretion via diffusion.
  • lipid droplets.
  • abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
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5
Q

The major stimulus for the release of thyroid hormone is

A

hormonal

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6
Q

The major stimulus for the release of the amine hormones of the adrenal gland is

A

nervous

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7
Q

Which of the following hormones is secreted by neurons?

A

oxytocin

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8
Q

The anatomical stalk of the pituitary is also known as the

A

infundibulum

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9
Q

This region of the hypophysis releases hormones stored in neurosecretory bodies in axon terminals.

A

neurohypophysis

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10
Q

Largest purely endocrine gland in the body.

A

thyroid gland

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11
Q

Hormone that inhibits osteoclast activity in children

A

calcitonin

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12
Q

Pyramid-shaped gland consisting of neural crest-derived cells and endocrine secretory cells.

A

adrenal gland

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13
Q

Class of hormones secreted during chronic stress that depress immune function.

A

glucocorticoids

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14
Q

Pancreatic cell type that produces insulin.

A

beta cells

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15
Q

Pancreatic cell type that produces glucagon.

A

alpha cells

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16
Q

Endocrine gland of the thorax that is also important in immune function.

A

thymus gland

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17
Q

Region of the adrenal cortex that secretes DHEA.

A

zona reticularis

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18
Q

Class of hormones that regulates secretions of other endocrine glands.

A

tropic

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19
Q

Jellylike substance found in the thyroid follicles which contains high concentrations of stored thyroglobulin.

A

colloid

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20
Q

Which of the following hormones secreted by the pars distalis does not regulate the function of other endocrine glands?

A

MSH

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21
Q

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary?

A

ADH

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22
Q

Which endocrine gland stores enough of its hormone extracellularly to last several months?

A

Thyroid gland

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23
Q

The secretion of hormones by the anterior lobe of the pituitary is controlled by the

A

hypothalamus.

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24
Q

Cells that manufacture and secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone are located in the

A

Pars Distalis

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25
Q

DHEA is secreted by the adrenal gland, and then converted to estrogens and testosterone by the

A

peripheral reproductive cells.

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26
Q

The action of parathyroid hormone is counteracted by

A

calcitonin

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27
Q

The adrenal medulla secretes

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

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28
Q

part of the anterior lobe of the pituitary?

A
  • Pars Tuberalis
  • Pars Intermedia
  • Pars Distalis
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29
Q

Part of the posterior lobe ?

A
  • Infundibulum

- pars nervosa

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30
Q

Which endocrine gland stands out in X-ray images and helps radiologists orient within the brain?

A

-the pineal gland

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31
Q

Which cells produce the thyroid hormone precursor thyroglobulin?

A

follicular cells

32
Q

The beta type endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets secretes a hormone that

A

lowers blood sugar levels.

33
Q

Parathyroid hormone causes all of the following except

A

inhibition of osteoclasts.

34
Q

Cells of the adrenal medulla are most closely allied with

A

the sympathetic neurons.

35
Q

Which of the following hormones secreted by the pars distalis is a tropic hormone?

A

LH

36
Q

The thyroid gland is located

A

immediately inferior to the larynx.

37
Q

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland?

A

melanocyte-stimulating hormone

38
Q

Which of the following minerals is essential for the formation of thyroid hormone?

A

Iodine

39
Q

Which of the following is not part of the posterior lobe of the pituitary?

A

pars intermedia

40
Q

Which of the following hormones is secreted into the primary capillary plexus of the hypophyseal portal system?

A

growth hormone-releasing hormone

41
Q

The hypophyseal portal veins are primarily located in the

A

infundibulum

42
Q

Cells that manufacture and secrete aldosterone are located in the

A

zona glomerulosa.

43
Q

Cells that manufacture and secrete ACTH are located in the

A

pituitary gland.

44
Q

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) is produced by ________ cells.

A

corticotropic

45
Q

Which region of the adrenal cortex consists of cells arranged in parallel cords?

A

zona fasciculata

46
Q

Target organs for the hormone oxytocin include the uterus and the

A

mammary glands.

47
Q

Which of the following endocrine glands is capable of storing its hormones extracellularly and then slowly releasing them?

A

thyroid gland

48
Q

The posterior lobe of the pituitary produces two hormones, ________ and ________.

A

oxytocin and ADH

49
Q

Calcitonin, which lowers blood calcium levels, is produced by the ________ gland.

A

thyroid

50
Q

Somatostatin

A

inhibits the secretion of insulin and glucagon.

51
Q

Which of the following is/are a major source of steroid hormones in the body?

A

gonads

52
Q

The target of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is/are the

A

gonads.

53
Q

Which of the following statements concerning the supraoptic nucleus is false?

A

It gets its name because it is superior to the optic chiasma.

54
Q

The hormone produced by the heart

A

increases the excretion of sodium in the urine.

55
Q

Which of the following hormones is secreted by cardiac muscle cells?

A

atrial natriuretic hormone

56
Q

Which of the following hormones indirectly increases the secretion of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex?

A

corticotropin-releasing hormone

57
Q

Erythropoietin is produced in the

A

kidneys

58
Q

Vitamin D is synthesized and secreted by

A

Epidermis

59
Q

Which of the following hormones is not produced by the placenta?

A

testosterone

60
Q

Prolactinoma is the most common tumor of the

A

Pituatary Gland

61
Q

Individuals with type 2 diabetes

A

may often control their disease by diet and exercise.

62
Q

Diabetes insipidus can be caused by trauma to the

A

kidney

63
Q

All endocrine glands secrete their hormones into the bloodstream? T/F

A

True

64
Q

Steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol.

A

True

65
Q

An endocrine cell that secretes its hormone in response to the presence of another hormone is said to be controlled by humoral stimuli.?T/F

A

False

66
Q

The main mineralocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex is cortisol.? T/F

A

False

67
Q

Gonadotropic cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary secrete prolactin.

A

False

68
Q

Gonadotropic cells of the pars distalis are the only class of cells there that produce more than one hormone.

A

false

69
Q

Thyroglobulin is produced by follicular cells of the thyroid gland, bound to thyroid hormone, and stored inside the follicle.

A

true

70
Q

Melatonin production by the pineal gland involves signals transmitted by thoracic and cervical nerves.

A

true

71
Q

The adrenal medulla consists of three distinct zones and secretes steroid hormones.

A

False

72
Q

The endocrine cells of the pancreas are present in islets, whereas the exocrine cells are in acini.

A

true

73
Q

Releasing hormones from the hypothalamus diffuse from the secondary capillary plexus to activate target cells in the pars distalis.

A

True

74
Q

The heart contains endocrine cells that secrete atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).

A

true

75
Q

In diabetes mellitus, the posterior lobe of the pituitary does not produce sufficient antidiuretic hormone.

A

false

Anat 1 (12 decks)

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