Endocrine System / 13.2

Question 1

Endocrine system

Answer 1

Glands and the hormones they release. Maintains homeostasis along with the NS.

Question 2

Endocrine gland

Answer 2

Releases hormones into blood

Question 3

Exocrine gland

Answer 3

Releases substances directly into effector via ducts.

Question 4

Negative feed back loop

Answer 4

When a certain blood concentration of hormone is reached, or when target cells have responded, the gland releases the hormone (prevents further release)

Question 5

Pituitary gland

Answer 5

Stores and releases hormones from hypothalamus-> divided into anterior and posterior pituitary

Question 6

source tissue of ADH (anti-diuretic hormone)

Answer 6

When osmotic pressure is too high (dehydration) causes ADH release from pituitary.

Question 7

Target tissue of ADH

Answer 7

ADH travels to kidneys

Question 8

Effects of ADH

Answer 8

H2O reabsorption, -> more water is kept in the body-> osmotic pressure decreases which goes back to the pituitary to stop the release of ADH

Question 9

Hypersecretion of ADH

Answer 9

High blood pressure, low solute concentration, low urine production

Question 10

hyposecretion of ADH

Answer 10

Low blood pressure, high solute concentration and high urine production, dehydration and diabetes insipidus.

Question 11

Human growth hormone (HGH) source tissue

Answer 11

Released in pituitary during childhood

Question 12

Target tissue and effects of HGH

Answer 12

Travels to muscles and bones to cause cell division and breakdown of stored energy

Question 13

Hypersecretion of HGH

Answer 13

Causes abnormally large body size

Question 14

Hyposecretion of HGH

Answer 14

causes abnormally small body size

Question 15

TSH and Thyroxine (T4)

Answer 15

Thyroxine is released from thyroid gland and it regulates metabolism

Question 16

Target of T4

Answer 16

Travels to many tissues like liver, adipose tissues

Question 17

Effects of T4

Answer 17

Increases breakdown of stored carbs, fats and proteins

Question 18

What is Thyroxine release controlled by?

Answer 18

TSH

Question 19

Thyroxine target and effects

Answer 19

Released from the pituitary and travels to thyroid gland to cause thyroxine release -> as T4 levels rise in blood, negative feedback stops release

Question 20

Hypothyroidism (T4)

Answer 20

In children it causes physical and mental development delays. In adults weight gain and fatigue. Can be caused by lack of iodine, no production of T4 and no negative feedback for TSH-> excess stimulation of thyroid gland by TSH

Question 21

Hyperthyroidism (T4)

Answer 21

Weight loss, insomnia, anxiety

Question 22

Parathyroid gland (PTH) source tissue and target tissue

Answer 22

PTH is released from parathyroid gland. Travels to bones and increases Ca2+ in the blood

Question 23

Effects of PTH

Answer 23

Increases Ca2+ levels in the blood. Causes breakdown of bone to release ca2+. Kidney then reabsorbs Ca2+. Increased reabsorption of Ca2+ in S.I.

Question 24

Calcitonin source tissue and target tissue

Answer 24

Released from the thyroid gland. Travels to bones and kidneys

Question 25

Calcitonin effects

Answer 25

Decreases blood Ca2+. Deposition of Ca2+ from blood to bone. Decreased regulation in kidney and decreased Ca+ in S.I

Question 26

Hypersecretion of PTH and Hyposecretion of calcitonin

Answer 26

Ostioporosis, too much bone breakdown, causing bone to become brittle

Question 27

Hyposecretion of PTH and Hypersecretion of calcitonin

Answer 27

Issues with muscle contraction, kidney stones (lack of Ca2+ and Ca2+ percipitating out of urine)