Endocrine System 2

Question 1

What to glands are the site at which the nervous and endocrine system interact?

Answer 1

Pituitary Gland
Hypothalamus

Question 2

Which gland regulates the secretions of anterior pituitary?

Answer 2

Hypothalamus

Question 3

Which pituitary gland is an extension of the hypothalamus?

Answer 3

Posterior

Question 4

How many major hormones does the anterior pituitary gland produce?

Answer 4

9

Question 5

What does the 9 major hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland regulate?

Answer 5

body functions

Regulate the secretions of other endocrine glands

Question 6

The growth hormones is produced by which pituitary gland?

Answer 6

anterior

Question 7

What are the actions of the growth hormone?

Answer 7

Increases tissue uptake of amino acids
Synthesises new protein
Stimulates long bone growth

Question 8

What is the growth hormone?

Answer 8

Influences growth of all tissues

Secretion controlled through hypothalamus

Spares plasma glucose and mobilises fatty acids (important during exercise!)

Question 9

The Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) is produced by which pituitary gland?

Answer 9

Posterior

Question 10

What is the purpose of the Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

4pts

Answer 10

Reduces water loss

Stimulated through low water concentration
(osmoreceptors in hypothalamus) or low plasma volume (stretch receptors in right atria)

During exercise, plasma volume will decrease and osmolality increases

Exercise above 60 % max will show increased ADH to maintain plasma volume

Question 11

What is the two sections of the adrenal gland?

Answer 11

Adrenal Medulla
Adrenal Cortex

Question 12

What are the two hormones released by the adrenal medulla?

Answer 12

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
(catecholamines)

Question 13

Which nervous system is the adrenal medulla?

Answer 13

Sympathetic

Question 14

What are the affects from the hormones released from the adrenal medulla?
5pts

Answer 14

↑ metabolic rate
↑ rate and force of heart contraction
↑ blood pressure
↑ muscle blood flow
maintain plasma glucose concentration

Question 15

Which adrenal gland secretes over 30 different steroid hormones -
corticosteroids?

Answer 15

Adrenal Cortex

Question 16

What are some examples of corticosteroids produced by the adrenal cortex?

Answer 16

Mineralocorticoids (e.g. aldosterone)
Glucocorticoids (e.g. cortisol)
Gonad corticoids (e.g. androgens and oestrogens)

Question 17

What are the effects of cortisol?
3pts

Answer 17

Maintains plasma glucose during fasting and exercise

Makes amino acids available for tissue repair

Released in response to hypoglycaemia, exercise and stress

Question 18

What two hormones are produced by the pancreas?

Answer 18

Insulin
Glucagon

Question 19

What are the effects of insulin produced by the pancreas?
4pts

Answer 19

Stimulates uptake of nutrients and storage of glycogen, proteins and fats

Facilitates glucose diffusion across membranes

A lack of insulin can cause glucose to be lost in urine (diabetes mellitus)

Insulin secretion is influenced by blood glucose concentrations

Question 20

What are the effects of glucagon?
2pts

Answer 20

Stimulates mobilisation of glucose and fatty acids

Increased secretion in response to low plasma glucose concentration

Question 21

What hormones is both anabolic (tissue building) and androgenic
(promoter of masculinity)?

Answer 21

Testosterone

Question 22

What are the effects of testosterone?

Answer 22

◦ Influence protein synthesis
◦ Mineralisation of skeleton
◦ Growth plate maturation and function