endocrine system

Question 1

s/s of hypoglycemia

Answer 1

cold, sweaty, pale, weak, confusion

*can be confused for alcohol intoxication

Question 2

s/s of hyperglycemia

Answer 2

thirsty, have to pee, hungry

Question 3

types of insulin

Answer 3

rapid, short, intermediate, and long-acting

Question 4

rapid acting insulin

Answer 4

e.g. Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine

onset: within 15 minutes
peak: 1-2 hours
duration: 3-6 hours

Question 5

short acting insulin

Answer 5

e.g. Regular

onset: 30-60 min
peak: 2-4 hours
duration: 6-10 hours

Question 6

intermediate acting

Answer 6

e.g. NPH

onset: 2-4 hours
peak: 4-8 hours
duration: 10-18 hours

Question 7

long acting

Answer 7

e.g. Glargine, Detemir

onset: 1-2 hours
NO PEAK
duration: up to 24 hours

Question 8

metabolic syndrome

Answer 8

cluster of diseases that increase pt risk for diabetes

obesity, high triglyceride level, low HDL, hypertension, or fasting blood sugar greater than 5.6

Question 9

Addison’s disease

Answer 9

– cortisol

Question 10

s/s of Addison’s disease

Answer 10

tired, weakness, weight loss

Question 11

Addisonian Crisis

Answer 11

stress, infection, etc. can cause shock

Question 12

nursing for Addison’s disease

Answer 12

5 S’s (salt + sugar + steroid replacement, support physiological function, search for cause), meds (glucocorticoid therapy)

Question 13

Cushing’s disease

Answer 13

++ cortisol

Question 14

s/s of Cushing’s disease

Answer 14

obesity, hirsutism/male features in females

Question 15

nursing for Cushing’s disease

Answer 15

I/O, daily weights

Question 16

type I DM

Answer 16

beta cells are destroyed by immune system

Question 17

diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 17

fats metabolized for energy –> ketones –> acidosis

BS: 14-28

Question 18

s/s of diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 18

Kussmaul’s

respiration/deep, fast breathing, ketones in urine, hyperglycemia

Question 19

type II DM

Answer 19

resist to insulin

Question 20

hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome /HHNS

Answer 20

BS: >33

Question 21

cause of HHNS

Answer 21

poor fluid intake

Question 22

s/s of HHNS

Answer 22

thirsty, need to pee, no ketones in urine

Question 23

nursing for HHNS

Answer 23

IV NS, when BS 250-300 mg/dL add dextrose

Question 24

nursing for DKA

Answer 24

IV NS, when BS 250-300 mg/dL add dextrose

Question 25

Dawn phenomenon

Answer 25

pre-breakfast hyperglycemia due to reduced sensitivity of body to insulin

Question 26

Somogyi phenomenon

Answer 26

take insulin before bed and wake up with high blood sugar levels because blood sugar lowered too much during sleep

Question 27

diabetes insipidus

Answer 27

– ADH

Question 28

s/s of diabetes insipidus

Answer 28

monitor electrolytes, I/O, weight, serum osmolality, urine specific gravity

Question 29

nursing for diabetes insipidus

Answer 29

+++++++++++ urine, low urine specific gravity

Question 30

syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion/SIADH

Answer 30

++ ADH

Question 31

s/s of SIADH

Answer 31

fluid overload, weight gain

Question 32

nursing for SIADH

Answer 32

neuro status, I/O, weight, serum osmolality, and urine specific gravity, restrict fluid intake, meds (diuretics), seizure precautions

Question 33

hypothyroidism

Answer 33

T4 low, TSH high

Question 34

s/s of hypothyroidism

Answer 34

tired, weak, intolerance to cold, weight GAIN

Question 35

myxedema coma

Answer 35

due to persistently low thyroid

Question 36

nursing for hypothyroidism

Answer 36

meds (levothyroxine)

Question 37

hyperthyroidism

Answer 37

T3 + T4 high, TSH low

Question 38

s/s of hyperthyroidism

Answer 38

intolerance to heat, weight loss,

Question 39

thyroid storm

Answer 39

uncontrolled hyperthyroidism that can lead to coma

Question 40

s/s of – parathyroid

Answer 40

positive Trousseau’s + Chvostek’s sign: sign of hypocalcemia, muscle cramps

Question 41

nursing for – parathyroid

Answer 41

meds (calcium gluconate IV, vitamin D to enhance

absorption of Ca)

Question 42

s/s of ++ parathyroid

Answer 42

muscle weakness, weight loss, hypercalcemia

Question 43

nursing for ++ parathyroid

Answer 43

meds (calcitonin to to increase Ca

excretion)

Question 44

causes of hypoglycemia

Answer 44

alcohol