Endocrinology

Question 1

The “only” pituitary hormone excess where serum level correlated with pituitary adenoma size.

Answer 1

Prolactin

Question 2

ACTH excess with symptoms of hypercortisolism due to an ACTH-producing pituitary tumor is called _________.

Answer 2

Cushing’s Disease

Question 3

What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism worldwide?

Answer 3

Iodine Deficiency

Question 4

What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in iodine sufficient areas?

Answer 4

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Question 5

What is the most sensitive regulator of vasopressin secretion?

Answer 5

Osmolality

Question 6

What is the anterior pituitary hormone-producing tumor where medical treatment is preferred over surgery?

Answer 6

Prolactinoma

Question 7

True or False:

One should give antithyroid drugs to hyperthyroid patients even if there is no new T4 production (like in leakage or exogenous sources).

Answer 7

False

Do not give antithyroid drugs if no new T4 production. Give beta-blockers instead.

Question 8

High TSH with normal T4 & T3 is called _________.

Answer 8

Subclinical hypothyroidism

Question 9

Malignancy arising from the parafollicular cells or C cells of the thyroid gland hat produces calcitonin is called _________.

Answer 9

Medullary Thyroid Cancer

Question 10

True or False:

Medullary thyroid cancer presents with decreased CEA levels.

Answer 10

False

Medullary thyroid cancer presents with elevated CEA levels.

Question 11

An infiltrative dermopathy presenting as a non-localized, non-pitting edema and thickening of the skin which usually occurs on the anterior aspect of the lower legs spreading to the dorsum of the feet resulting as a rare complication of Grave’s disease.

Answer 11

Pretibial myxedema

Question 12

Induction of thyrotoxicosis in a previously normal individual as a result of exposure to large quantities of iodine. Also called iodine-induced hyperthyroidism.

Answer 12

Jod-Basedow phenomenon

Question 13

Also known as De Quervain’s thyroiditis or granulomatous thyroiditis

Answer 13

Subacute Thyroiditis

Question 14

Induction of transient hypothyroidism by high intake of iodine

Answer 14

Wolff-Chaikoff effect

Question 15

Pheochromocytoma is a tumor originating from the ___________ in the adrenal medulla, causing overproduction of catecholamines that induce high BP and other symptoms.

Answer 15

Chromaffin cells

Question 16

What is the most common form of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in which loss of function appears in a stocking-glove pattern and is due to an axonal neuropathic process wherein the longer nerves are especially vulnerable hence the impact on the foot?

Answer 16

Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy

Question 17

This represents the earliest stage of retinal involvement by diabetes and is characterized by such changes as microaneurysms, dot hemorrhages, exudates, and retinal edema.

Answer 17

Nonproliferative (“background”) Diabetic Retinopathy

Question 18

What are the characteristics of metabolic syndrome?

Answer 18

Metabolic Syndrome (3 out of 5)
? abdominal obesity (increased waist circumference)
? hypertension
? hypertriglyceridemia
? low HDL
? insulin resistance or diabetes mellitus

Question 19

True or False

IGF-1 exerts negative feedback on GH secretion.

Answer 19

True