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Honors Bio > Endomembrane System > Flashcards

Endomembrane System Flashcards

1
Q

Many of the membranes within a eukaryotic cell are part of the …

A

Endomembrane system

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2
Q

What are the organelles in the endomembrane system involved with?

A
  • Synthesis
  • Distribution
  • Storage
  • Export of molecules
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3
Q

What is the largest component of the endomembrane system?

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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4
Q

How do Smooth ER and Rough ER differ in structure and functions?

A

Smooth ER lacks attached ribosomes, Rough ER has bound ribosomes that stud the outer surface of the membrane

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5
Q

What are the functions of Smooth ER?

A
  • The production of enzymes important in the synthesis of lipids, oils, phospholipids, and steroids
  • The production of enzymes that help process drugs, alcohol, and other potentially harmful substances
  • The storage of calcium ions
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6
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Smooth ER in muscle

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7
Q

What does the sarcoplasmic reticulum store and release?

A

Calcium 2+ ions

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8
Q

What does the Rough ER make?

A
  • Additional membrane for itself
  • Secretory proteins (hormones/enzymes)
  • Proteins that are embedded in the membrane (integral proteins)
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9
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Serves as a molecular warehouse and processing station for products manufactured by the ER

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10
Q

Lysosome

A

Membrane-enclosed sac of digestive enzymes

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11
Q

What organelle creates lysosomes?

A

Rough ER

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12
Q

What are lysosomes processed in?

A

The Golgi apparatus

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13
Q

Apoptosis

A

Programmed cell death

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14
Q

What are lysosomes sometimes referred to as?

A

Suicide bags

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15
Q

What do lysosomes fuse with?

A

Food vacuoles

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16
Q

What do lysosomes destroy?

A

Bacteria engulfed by white blood cells

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17
Q

Which part of the endomembrane system functions in embryonic development (through things such as there only being webbing at the very end of your fingers)?

A

Lysosomes

18
Q

What do lysosomes help digest?

A

Food particles engulfed by a cell

19
Q

Endosome

A

Membrane bodies within the cells that contain waste material that cannot be excreted from the cell but can no longer be in the cell

20
Q

What do lysosomes help remove/recycle?

A

Damaged parts of a cell

21
Q

What type of enzymes are lysosomal enzymes?

A

Hydrolytic

22
Q

What pH level do lysosomal enzymes work best in?

A

pH 5

23
Q

What are examples of lysosomal storage diseases?

A

Pompe’s disease, Tay-Sachs disease

24
Q

Pompe’s disease

A

Disease of inability to digest glycogen

25
Q

Tay-Sachs disease

A

Disease characterized by inability to digest certain lipids

26
Q

Contractile vacuoles

A

Vacuoles responsible for eliminating water from the protist

27
Q

Tonoplast

A

Membrane surrounding the central vacuole

28
Q

Where is the product of the Rough ER sent to?

A

It is shipped by vesicles to the cis side of the Golgi apparatus

29
Q

Perixosome

A

Metabolic compartments that do not originate from the endomembrane system

30
Q

How does the lysosome help with digestion of food particles?

A

Food comes into plasma membrane -> Lysosome will fuse with food vacuole -> Lysosome digests content of food vacuole -> Whatever food left will be excreted or become an endosome

31
Q

How does the lysosome help remove or recycle damaged parts of the cell?

A

Damaged organelle is enclosed in membrane vesicle -> Lysosome fuses with vesicle -> Lysosome dismantles its content -> Lysosome breaks down the damaged organelle

32
Q

Massive leakage from lysosomes would destroy a cell through…

A

Autodigestion

33
Q

Lysosomal storage diseases

A

Diseases where individuals lack a functioning version of a normal hydrolytic enzyme

34
Q

Digestive vacuole

A

Large water-storing tanks within the cell which can have digestive functions, and pigments/poisons that protect the cell

35
Q

Where are digestive vacuoles found?

A

In plant cells

36
Q

When the cells are trying to secrete the materials, where are the vesicles shipped?

A

To the plasma membrane

37
Q

What is the function of peroxisomes?

A

Break down fatty acids for cellular fuel

38
Q

What role do mitochondrion play in cellular respiration?

A

Mitochondria converts glucose to ATP in the presence of oxygen

39
Q

What is the mitochondria made of?

A

Ribosomes, mitochondrial DNA, enzymes, cristae

40
Q

Pompe’s disease and Tay-Sachs diseases are examples of…

A

Lysosomal storage diseases

41
Q

Pompe’s disease

A

A disease where one lacks enzymes to digest glycogen which leads to muscle weakness

42
Q

Tay-Sachs’s disease

A

A disease where one lacks enzymes or digest certain lipids and is mostly found in Ashkenazi Jews

Honors Bio (21 decks)

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