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ADELE-Repro Ramblings > Endometrial Cancer > Flashcards

Endometrial Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What is the peak age for endometrial cancer?

A

50-60 years

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2
Q

If you get Endometrial cancer when you are young, there is likely an underlying predisposition. What could this be?

A

Lynch Syndrome

PCOS

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3
Q

How does endometrial caner generally present?

A

Abnormal bleeding

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4
Q

TRUE/FASLE Endometrial cancers are mostly adenocarcinomas

A

TRUE

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5
Q

Spread of endometrial cancer can be by three ways- what are they?

A

Lymphatic
Haematogenous
Directly into myometrium and cervix

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6
Q

What are the two main subtypes of endometrial cancer?

A

Type 1 tumours- Endometrioid (and mutinous)

Type 2 tumours- Serous (and clear cell)

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7
Q

What is the difference in endometrial glands between pre and post menopausal?

A

Pre- lots of endometrial gland

Post- Thin layer

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8
Q

What are type 1 tumours related to?

A

Unopposed oestrogen

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9
Q

What is a precursor lesions of endometriosis cancers

A

Atypical hyperplasia

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10
Q

A germline mutation of mismatch repair genes describes which syndrome?

A

Lynch syndrome

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11
Q

Which 3 cancers is there an increased risk of with Lynch syndrome?

A

Endometrial
Ovarian
Colorectal

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12
Q

Why is obesity a RF for endometrial cancer?

A

Endocrine/inflammatory effects of adipose tissue

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13
Q

Adipocytes express ——— that converts ovarian androgens into ——–, which induces endometrial hyperplasia

A

aromatase

oestrogens

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14
Q

If you lose weight is your risk of endometrial cancer reduced?

A

YES, YES IT IS

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15
Q

Why is PCOS a risk factor for endometrial cancer type 1?

A

As they don’t ovulate they don’t produce progesterone

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16
Q

TRUE/FALSE Endometrioid cancer is usually confined to the uterus at presentation therefore there is a good prognosis

A

TRUE

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17
Q

How are endometrioid cancers primarily graded?

A

By architecture- amount of glandular differentiated

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18
Q

ALL endometrial cancers are formally graded TRUE/FALSE

A

Endometriod (and mutinous) are

Serous (and clear cell) carcinomas are not formally graded

19
Q

What percentage of endometrial cancers are type 1?

A

80%

20
Q

What is stage 1 of endometrioid cancer grading?

A

Confined to the body of the uterus

21
Q

What is stage 2 of endometrioid cancer grading?

A

Body and cervix only

22
Q

What is stage 3 of endometrioid cancer grading?

A

Advancing beyond uterus, not belong pelvis

23
Q

What is stage 4 of endometrioid cancer grading?

A

Extending outside pelvis

24
Q

What are the two types of Type 2 tumours?

A

Serous (and clear cell)

25
Q

What are type 2 tumours characterised by?

A

Complex papillary and/or glandular architecture with diffuse, marked nuclear pleomorphism

26
Q

What type of women does serous tumours effect?

A

Elderly post-menopausal women

27
Q

In serous tumours of the endometrium what is often mutated / over expressed?

A

TP53

28
Q

What is the precursor lesion for serous endometrial cancers?

A

Serous endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma

29
Q

Serous carcinoma can spread along the Fallopian tube mucosa and peritoneal surfaces, therefore it can present with…

A

extrauterine disease

30
Q

Which is the more aggressive type of endometrial cancer?

A

Type 2- (serous, clear cell)

31
Q

Treatment of endometrial cancer

A

TAH with BSO and peritoneal washings

32
Q

What additional treatment could you give if it was advanced disease?

A

High-dose progesterone for palpation of symptoms

External beam radiotherapy to control bleeding

33
Q

What is the follow up on endometrial cancer?

A

2 years if grade 1

5 years if grade 2/3

34
Q

How does endometrial stromal sarcoma present?

A

AUB

Metastasis

35
Q

ALL endometrial cancers share the same staging system TRUE/FALSE

A

FALSE

  • Endometriod cancer and carcinosarcoma share a staging system
  • Leiomyosarcoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma share the same staging system (different to endometrial cancer)
  • Serous carcinomas and clear cell carcinomas are not formally graded
36
Q

What are leiomyosarcoma affectionately known as?

A

Fibroids

37
Q

Which particular population are leionyosarcomas common in?

A

Afro carribean Women >40 years

38
Q

Leiomyosarcoma growth is dependent on what?

A

Oestrogen

39
Q

What are leiomyosarcoma associated with?

A

Menorrhagia, Infertility

40
Q

Usually leiomyosarcoma are an incidental finding, when do they cause problems?

A

When they are submucosal as they stretch the glands of the stoma lying above it when they grow

41
Q

When will the pain of leiomyosarcoma be disproportionate?

A

When there is red degeneration

42
Q

What do fibroids look like on US?

A

Smooth exogenic mass, often multiple

43
Q

What are the 5 locations of fibroids?

A 
Pedunculated
Intramural
Intracavity
Subserous
Submucous
44
Q

What sarcomas commonly display a spindle cell morphology?

A

Leiomyosarcoma

ADELE-Repro Ramblings (21 decks)

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