P1 Energy

Question 1

What does it mean if an energy resource is reliable?

Answer 1

It it predictable

Question 2

What happens when a forces moves an object?

Answer 2

Work is done which is another way of saying energy is transferred.

The amount of work done/ energy transferred depends on the size of the force and distance the object moves.

Question 3

What is a renewable energy resource?

Answer 3

One that can be replenished as it is used.

e.g. solar, wind

Question 4

Why might people not like having wind turbines near their homes?

Answer 4

Visual pollution
Noise pollution
Dangerous to birds

Question 5

Explain how thick cavity walls reduce unwanted energy transfers.

Answer 5

The wall has a low thermal conductivity so the rate of energy transfer is lower.

Question 6

Which equations link energy transferred, power and time

Answer 6

Energy transferred = Power x time

Power = Energy transferred / time

Question 7

What are the uses of energy resources?

Answer 7

Heating
Transport
Electricity generation

Question 8

Give examples of non-renewable energy resources.

Answer 8

Fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas)
Nuclear

Question 9

Give examples of renewable energy resources.

Answer 9

bio-fuel (such as wood)
solar
wind
tidal
hydroelectricity
geothermal

Question 10

What are the environmental impacts of using fossil fuels for transport and to generate electricity?

Answer 10

Release carbon dioxide → increases global warming
Release sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide → increases acid rain
Release particulates → causes global dimming

Question 11

Give the advantages and disadvantages of bio-fuels.

Answer 11

Providing land to grow crops for bio-fuels has led to deforestation.

Burning bio-fuels causes air pollution.

Bio-fuels are carbon neutral because the amount of carbon dioxide released when the fuel is burned is equal to the amount absorbed by the plants as they grow.

Question 12

What does it mean if an electrical device is powerful?

Answer 12

Transfers lots of energy in a short space of time

Question 13

Can energy be created or destroyed?

Answer 13

No, energy can be stored or transferred (either usefully or non-usefully).

Question 14

How do you calculate efficiency?

Answer 14

Efficiency = useful power output / total power in

Efficiency = useful energy out / total energy in

Question 15

What unit is power measured in?

Answer 15

Watts (W)

Question 16

What unit is work done measured in?

Answer 16

Joules (J)

Question 17

Give two way of reducing unwanted energy transfers.

Answer 17

Lubrication to reduce the amount of friction.

Thermal insulation to reduce the rate of energy transfer by heating

Question 18

When a fuel is burnt which of its energy stores is emptied?

Answer 18

Chemical

Question 19

When an object speeds up which of its energy stores is filled?

Answer 19

Kinetic

Question 20

When an object slows down which of its energy stores is emptied?

Answer 20

Kinetic

Question 21

When an object heats up which of its energy stores is filled?

Answer 21

Thermal

Question 22

When an object cools down which of its energy stores is emptied?

Answer 22

Thermal

Question 23

When a object is raised higher above the ground which of its energy stores is filled?

Answer 23

Gravitational potential

Question 24

When an object is lower towards the ground which of its energy stores is emptied?

Answer 24

Gravitational potential

Question 25

When a spring is stretched which of its energy stores is filled?

Answer 25

Elastic potential

Question 26

Modern houses have walls and roofs with a low thermal conductivity. Explain why.

Answer 26

The walls and roof are better insulators so the rate of energy transfer is lower so less energy is needed to heat the house.

Question 27

When a battery is charged which of its energy stores is filled?

Answer 27

Chemical

Question 28

Eventually where does most energy end up?

Answer 28

Thermal energy store of the surroundings

Question 29

With the exception of an electric heater no device is 100 % efficient. What does this mean?

Answer 29

Some energy is wasted, it is transferred to useless energy stores (usually thermal energy stores)

Question 30

What are the energy transfers when a candle burns?

Answer 30

Chemical energy store of the candle decreases

Thermal energy store of the candle and the surroundings increases

Question 31

What are the energy transfers when a catapult fires a stone?

Answer 31

Elastic potential energy store of the catapult decreases

Kinetic energy store of the stone increases.

Thermal energy store of the stone and surroundings increases.

Question 32

What are the energy transfers when a skier goes straight down a hill

Answer 32

Gravitational potential energy of the skier decreases

Kinetic energy store of the skier increases.

Thermal energy store of the skier and surroundings increases.

Question 33

What are the energy transfers when boiling water using a gas stove?

Answer 33

Chemical energy store of the gas decreases

Thermal energy store of the pan, water and surroundings increases.

Question 34

How do you convert kilonewtons (kN) into newton’s (N)?

Answer 34

x1000

Question 35

What are the energy transfers when the child lands on the trampoline?

Answer 35

Gravitational energy of the kid decreases

Kinetic energy of the child increases and then decreases to zero

The elastic potential energy of the springs increases

The thermal energy of the surroundings increases