Energy Flashcards
Sustainability in Curitiba, Brazil.
- Recycling and garbage cooperatives. Provides more jobs for unskilled/ unwell workers. Also prevents things going to landfill, recycling 2/3 of its waste.
- Lack of traffic congestion, aided by biarticulate buses, carry up to 4000 people/bus/day. First city to introduce paying before boarding to reduce waiting time.
- Green Spaces made important by the solution of the parks, preventing sprawling slums as well as flooding with large lakes and water bodies.
- Bus route only for maximum efficiency, encourages more people to use public transport, and reduces CO2 emissions.
- Greenbelt exchange, “cambio verde” scheme, where government encourages poorer people to recycle in exchange for valuable things to improve their development, e.g. bus tickets, fruit and veg, increasing quality of life and recycliung maintains affluency of other areas and reduces litter rates.
Sustainability in London
- Congestion charge in the city center to reduce car emissions and promote public transport into the center. Cleaner air in the city center.
- New electric taxi’s and greener public transport reduces CO2 emissions. ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY.
- Building sustainable, low carbon affordable housing, e.g. Bedzed
- Less reliant on private cars
- Less waste production.
- Better insulation to reduce heating usage.
- increase in cycle lanes to reduce CO2 emissions and standing traffic causing respiratory and health problems.
Stakeholders in managing urban challenges:
- Property developers
- City Mayor (e.g. Sadiq Khan)
- Utility suppliers (gas, electricity and water)- responsibility of pricing and education and awareness!
- National government, impose laws to improve environmentally friendly aspect of life.
- Industrialists, promotion of greener products, e.g. electric cars, Tesla image of No carbon emissions and Volvo developing efficient buses in Curitiba.
Green Field sites ADVANTAGES
- pleasant environment for working and education e.g. schools.
- No clean-up costs if demolition would be intended. (No demolition costs)
Green Field Sites DISADVANTAGES
- industrial buildings increase air pollution and reduce air quality in rural areas. HEALTH PROBLEMS.
- Ruin attractive features of rural areas.
- Destroy- disrupt habitats of nature and wildlife around.
Brownfield Sites ADVANTAGES
- useful for quick and cheaper accomodation built for poor e.g. council buildings.
- Boosts the economy around, lifting property price.
- Prevents urban sprawl.
Brownfield Sites DISADVANTAGES
- Derelict building often found in economically depressed areas, so little reason to invest in renovating in the area anyway.
- Can be expensive to build on due to clean up required and removing contamination as well as re configuring land for new desired purpose.
GNP
Growth National Product- how much money a country earns as a population excluding business taxes.
GNP advantages and disadvantages
ADVANTAGE- quite accurately shows the actual size of a country’s economyt.
DISADVANTAGE- Doesn’t take into account population size.
Top down development strategy in Ghana
DEVELOPING/EMERGING
ADVANTAGE
- Akosombo Dam. Investment from the world bank aid from the UK and the US.
-provides electricity through HEP for the community and by producing Aluminium, it gives Ghana another material to trade, improving its international trade, increasing economic output of the primary dominated economy.
- produced a lake increasing tourism and further increasing and diversifying sources of income.
DISADVANTAGES
- The dam doesn’t take into account the needs of the locals because for many the infrastructure is not developed enough for families to benefit from the electricity provided by the Dam.
- The sitting water created by the Dam actually increases water borne diseases and contributes to health problems, rather than helping the locals develop.
Bottom-up development strategy in Uganda, Barlonyo.
ADVANTAGES
- supplies farmers with cheap and easy to maintain intermediate technologies to improve farming efficiencies from the local resources they have.
- form cooperatives, develop communities where farmers can share costs and therefore increase economic efficiency (sharing equipment) and productivity.
- provides sustainable long-term development by establishing a seed bank and food reserve to prevent a dependency on NGO and TNC support.
DISADVANTAGES
- very small scale, only aids the development of one village, and these projects being so specific cannot be replicated across all of Uganda.
Top-down development strategy in the UK, HS2
ADVANTAGES
- An attempt to bridge the north and south divide by allowing quicker and easier commuting, preventing segrigation and an increasing development gap between the succeeding south and suffering north (exam results, life expectancy, wages).
- Boost the UK economy, generating a large array of 22,000 jobs in construction over the next 5 years, and 100,000 once the entire network is running.
DISADVANTAGES
- No idea of the final bill, but we know it will be extremely expensive, possibly above £40 billion.
- significant demolition to rural England which is disruptive to peaceful life and nature and habitats. 600+ homes would have to be completely demolished, many more cut off from their neighborhoods.
- Built on 250 acres of green belt land.
Bottom-up development strategy in Detroit, Urban Gardening.
ADVANTAGES
- a lot of empty land, derelict buildings and brownfield sites from the de-industrialisation of the car manufacturing industry it so heavily depended on, so it is specialized for the individual situation of Detroit.
- Urban environment seen as dirty and polluted (air, noise, visual) made far more pleasing by increased aesthetic beauty.
DISADVANTAGES
- Pollution and litter in the urban environment, potential health risks to the people,
- High water requirements, and in the eyes of some therefore a wasteful project with the supply of supermarkets making things so easily available.
BLACKPOOL (north UK)
- low average income, limited job opportunities.
- The cheap, low quality housing that attracts the unwell and unskilled maintains a viscous cycle for the city of degradation and economic depression.
- Drugs and substance abuse evokes common health problems, lower life expectancy- described as Britains drug capital.
- Education, generally, much poorer exam results here, contributing to unemployment and low wages in the future.
- Mental illness too, contributing to increasingly frequent depression in young people and suicide incidents.
Hart (south UK)
- employment rate of above 80%
- comes in the top ten areas of England for exam results, promoting a prosperous employment and economic future.
- Women have longest life expectancy of 86.7
- Low crime rates, low substance abuse.
- Ranked by the Index of multitude deprivation within the top 15 least deprived areas of the UK.
