ENT Flashcards

1
Q

Sinusitis

A

Self-resolving

> 10days then:

  1. Penicillin
  2. Doxycycline (not for kids)
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2
Q

Vestibular Schwannoma

A

Surgical removal

Radiation

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3
Q

Cholesteatoma

A

Surgical removal

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4
Q

Acute Otitis Media

inflammation of the middle ear post URTI
usually Strep pyogenes

A

Self-sesolving

If under age 2/ multiple symptoms then:

  1. Amoxicillin
  2. Erythromycin/ Co-amoxiclav

Clarithromycin if penicillin allergic

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5
Q

Otitis Externa

inflammation of outer ear
usually Staph aureus

A
Aural toilet (ear wash out)
If persists --> Oral Flucloxacillin 
Avoid swimming
Chronic: Gentamicin 0.3% drops (Pseudomonas)
Fungus: Topical clotrimazole
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6
Q

Malignant Otitis Externa

spread of infection to surrounding structures

A

Antibiotics

Surgery

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7
Q

Nasal polyps

bilateral in kids= CF
unilateral= neoplasm/ foreign body

A

Avoidance of aspirin
Decongestants
Topical steroids
Surgery

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8
Q

Nasal tumours

A

Excision

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9
Q

Larnygeal Polyps/ Nodules

nodules: bilateral
polyps: unilateral

A

Voice therapy

Surgery

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10
Q

Warthin’s Tumour

50 year old male smokers, bilateral and multicentric parotid tumour

A

Surgery

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11
Q

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

A

Surgery

Radiotherapy

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12
Q

Cleft Palate

A

Reconstruction surgery

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13
Q

Acute follicular tonsillitis

A

Centor Criteria= 3 and > then:

Penicillin

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14
Q

Quinsy

peritonsillar abscess

A

Aspiration
Antibiotics
Analgesia
Steroids

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15
Q

Oral Thrush

A

Nystatin

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16
Q

Diptheria

A

Antitoxin and Penicillin/ Erythromycin

17
Q

Glandular Fever

A

Bed rest
Paracetamol
No sports
Corticosteroids sometimes

DONT GIVE AMOXICILLIN

18
Q

Gingivostomatitis

A

Aciclovir

Improve hygiene

19
Q

Herpangina

Vesicles on soft palate due to coxsackie enterovirus

A

Self-limiting

20
Q

Nasal Septal Haematoma

A

Aspiration

21
Q

Epistaxis

A

Apply pressure/ ice pack
Topical vasoconstrictor: lignocaine + adrenaline
Cauterise: silver nitrate/ diathermy
Rapid rhino pack

22
Q

Otitis Media with Effusion (Glue Ear)

A

<3, >3 first time: Grommet
>3 second time: Grommet + adenoidectomy
Watch waiting

23
Q

Pinna Haematoma

A

Incision and drainage

24
Q

Benign Positional Paroxysmal Vertigo (BPPV)

A

Epley manoeuvre
Semont manoeuvre
Brandt-Deroff exercises

25
Q

Vestibular Neuronitis

A

Self-limiting

26
Q

Ménières Disease

A
Therapy for symptoms 
Diet restriction 
Grommet
Intratympanic gentamicin/ steroid
Surgery

During: buccal prochlorperazine
Prophylaxis: Betahistine

27
Q

Migraines

A

Dark room/ sleep
Paracetamol/ ibuprofen
Triptans
Anti-emetics

28
Q

Sensorineural Hearing loss

A

Hearing aids

Cochlear implants

29
Q

Conductive Hearing Loss

A

Surgical intervention

Treat underlying problem

30
Q

Otosclerosis

abnormal growth of bone in middle ear

A

Calcium fluoride/ sodium fluoride
Spadectomy
Hearing aid

31
Q

Rhinitis (infectious)

A

Topical beclomethasone
Cetirizine (anti-histamine)
Pseudoephedrine (decongestant)
Ipratropium (anti-cholinergic)

32
Q

Rhinitis (non- infectious)

A

Avoidance of allergens
Decrease alcohol intake

Topical beclomethasone
Cetirizine (anti-histamine)
Pseudoephedrine (decongestant)
Ipratropium (anti-cholinergic)

33
Q

Labyrinthitis

A

Physical therapy
Prochlorperazine
Sometimes antihistamines