Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BCDE Finals > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

Acoustic neuroma

A

Vestibular nerve.
Schwann cells
UNILATERAL SN HEARING LOSS
+ vertigo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acute bacterial sinusitis

A

Lasts 7-30 days.
S. pneumoniae, H. influenza
Fever, discharge, anosmia
clinical diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Acute laryngitis

A

increased pressure leads to dysphonia/aphonia

vocal cords and larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Acute mastoiditis

A

acute otitis media.
boggy mass
High dose IV steroids. (usually s. pneumonia).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Acute tonsillitis

A

Usually viral- 1 week.
Centor criteria
Pen V if bacterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Oesophagus cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma or SCC

Tobacco/alcohol/obesity/barrett’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Adenoid cystic carcinoma

A

Can happen anywhere
Usually salivary glands
Locally invasive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Allergic fungal sinusitis

A

immunoCOMPETENT (not like other fungi and HIV)
breathe in a fungus.
fungal debris and mucin in sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

RAST test

A

amount of IgE in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Patch testing

A

suspected allergic contact dermatitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Label an otoscopy picture.

A 
Anterior fold
Posterior fold
Long process of incus
Lateral malleolar process.
Umbo
Pars tensa
Pars flaccida
Manubrium of malleus.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Benign nasal polyps associated with

A

Cystic fibrosis

Allergic fungal sinusitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Branchial cysts

A

embryonic remnants
anterior border of SCM.
Fluctuant
NO transillumination, no movement on swallowing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Caloric testing

A

Cold water: horizontal nystagmus other side.
Warm water: horizontal nystagmus same side.
Basent reflex= weak on side being stimulated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Laryngeal cancer

A

Smoking and alcohol

SCC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Leukoplakia

A

Pre-malignant white patch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Oropharyngeal cancer

A

persistent sore throat
lump in mouth
pain in ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Nasopharyngeal cancer

A

lump in neck
nasal discharge
obstruction
deafness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hypopharyngeal cancer

A

pain in ear
dysphagia
hoarseness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Thyroid cancer

A

usually single.
PainLESS lump
hoarseness
difficulty breathing and swallowing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Tongue cancer

A

Smoking
Alcohol
Betel nut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Carotid body tumour

A

Paraganglioma
Slow growing neck mass.
Anterior SCM near hydoid area.
90% unilateral, don’t hurt nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Fontaine sign

A

Tumour can’t move up/down (only side to side).

Carotid body tumour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cerebellar lesion

A

DANISH on same side.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Chorda tympani

A

Facial nerve.
Tast buds
Runs through th emiddle ear.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Chronic laryngitis

A

More than 3 weeks.
Irreversible damage- cilia damaged causing mucus pooling and a reactive cough.
‘Smokers cough’, GORD, Intubation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

GORD and cough

A

a dry cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Cystic hygroma

A

Posterior triangle of neck
Transilluminates
Soft and painless
Just lymphatic drainage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Menieres

A

Recurrent
Vertigo for more than 20 minutes (nausea)
SN hearing loss
Tinnitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Epistaxis

A

95% little’s area.
Posterior bleeding: more serious, deeper structures.
Silver nitrate
Nasal packing.

31
Q

FNA vs. core biopsy

A

FNA- smaller, collects cells

Core biopsy- larger, tissue samples

32
Q

Functional dysphonia

A

voice change- no pathology.

SALT

33
Q

Granular myringitis

A

Lateral TM chronic inflammation
Granulation tissue
Chronic discharge
Dilute vinegar + excision.

34
Q

Granuloma of vocal process

A 
rare.
Posterior 1/3rd
Like a pyogenic granuloma
Caused by trauma, vocal abuse, GORD
foreign body sensation.
hoarse voice.
35
Q

Haemotympanum

A

retrograde bleed from nose or
basilar kull fracture.

pain and deaf

36
Q

HPV papillomatosis

A

HPV 6+11
warts in upper airway- airway obstruction
choking episode

37
Q

Inverting papilloma

A

benign local growth- destructive.
epithelial cells grow into supportive tissue
malignant transformation (SCC)
cut it out!
When it occurs in the nose or sinuses, it may cause symptoms similar to those caused by sinusitis, such as nasal congestion.

38
Q

Labyrinthitis

A

membranes inflammed
SUDDEN vertigo, nausea, vomiting
URTI in 50% before.
Self-limiting.

39
Q

Laryngeal tumour

A

usually hypo pharynx

post-cricoid

40
Q

Laryngoscopy

A

can see as far as epiglottis + vocal folds

41
Q

Lipoma

A

slow growing + rubbery

42
Q

Loss of taste and smell

A 
head trauma
viral infection
epilepsy
AD + PD
schizophrenia
tumour
Kallman's
43
Q

Noise induced hearing loss

A
  1. Acoustic trauma (bomb)

2. Gradual NIHL (multiple)

44
Q

Open biopsy

A

Lymph nodes

45
Q

Otalgia

A

Outer ear, inner ear and referred pain

46
Q

OM with effusion

A

fluid in middle ear
NO ACTIVE inflammation
Loss of light reflex
Indrawn/concave/retracted drum

47
Q

OM with cholesteatoma

A

radical mastoidectomy
Congenital
Primary acquired (chronic negative pressure)
Secondary acquired (after TM damage)

48
Q

Otosclerosis

A 
increase bone turnover BONES
metabolic dysplasia
progressive C hearing loss
Can also have SN loss.
Drum usually appears normal.
Tinnitus
49
Q

Parotitis

A

old, dehydrated, debilitated, malnourished, bad teeth.

50
Q

Pendred’s syndrome (Mustafa)

A

bilateral congenital SN hearing loss and GOITRE

51
Q

Perennial allergic rhinitis

A

House dust mites and pets

all year round

52
Q

Perilymph fistula

A

connection between middle and inner ear (after head trauma)

53
Q

Pharyngeal pouch

A

Killian’s dehiscence

Men

54
Q

Pleomorphic adenoma

A 
common
benign
salivary gland cancer- usually parotids
slow growing, no pain, firm
malignant potential --> remove
55
Q

Pre-auricular sinus

A

usually not a problem (unless becomes infected)

56
Q

Promontary

A

hollow prominence made by a turn of the cochlear

57
Q

Sialadenitis

A

inflammation salivary glands

red, pain, tender, swollen

58
Q

Squamous cell cancer

A

most head and neck

smoking

59
Q

submandibular gland swelling

A

salivary calculi

sialadenitis

60
Q

throat swabs

A

candida

group A strep

61
Q

Thyroglossal duct cyst

A

Midline (below hyoid)
Fibrous
no pain, smooth, looks a bit like a wierd keloid.
Moves up and down when you stick your tongue out.

62
Q

Thyroid adenoma

A

single lesion, well demarcated
HOT=hyperthyroid
COLD= no change

63
Q

Tinnitus

A

objective= pulsatile (carotid stenosis), muscular/anatomical (tympanic membrane), spontaneous
subjective-head trauma, MS, meningitis, drugs.

64
Q

Tracheal stenosis

A

Congenital O instead of U

narro

65
Q

Tracheomalacia

A

floppy- can collapse

66
Q

Triangular fossa of anti-helix

A

yep.

67
Q

Tympanic sulcus

A

anatomical groove in tympanic bone

68
Q

Tympanosclerosis

A

calcification of tissue in ear drum

69
Q

Myringosclerosis

A

Myringosclerosis refers to a calcification only within the tympanic membrane and is usually less extensive than intratympanic tympanosclerosis, which refers to any other location within the middle ear such as the ossicular chain, middle ear mucosa or, less frequently, the mastoid cavity.

70
Q

Usher syndrome

A

retinal and SN hearing loss
leading cause of DEAF BLINDNESS
no cure

71
Q

Vestibular neuronitis

A

Vestibular neuronitis, also called Vestibular neuritis, can be a paroxysmal, single attack of vertigo, a series of attacks, or a persistent condition that diminishes over three to six weeks.
nausea, vomiting, and previous upper respiratory tract infections.
It generally has no auditory symptoms, unlike labyrinthitis. Nystagmus
Imbalance of neuronal input between the left and right inner ears.

72
Q

Waadenburg’s syndrome

A

varying deafness

pigmentation anomalies

73
Q

Wegeners and ENT

A 
rhinorrhoea- clear
epistaxis
sinusitis
hoarseness
cough
dyspnoea

BCDE Finals (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions