ENT - Useful facts from passmed

Question 1

What is Presbycusis?

Answer 1

Presbycusis is a type of sensorineural hearing loss that affects elderly individuals

Typically, high-frequency hearing is affected bilaterally

All test are normal, aside from - Audiometry: Bilateral sensorineural pattern hearing loss

Question 2

Most common site for epistaxis?

Answer 2

Little’s area in the nasal septum is a common site for epistaxis to originate because it is the confluence of 4 arteries

Question 3

The different causes of vertigo

Answer 3

Question 4

Key features of otosclerosis?

Answer 4

Autosomal dominant, replacement of normal bone by vascular spongy bone

Onset is usually at 20-40 years

Clinical features:

• conductive deafness
• tinnitus
• tympanic membrane - 10% of patients may have a ‘flamingo tinge’, caused by hyperaemia

Question 5

Causes of Gingival Hyperplasia?

Answer 5

PANIC

Phenotoin
AML
Nifidipine
infection - bacterial
Ciclosporins

Question 6

What is Head and Neck cancer and umbrella term for, and what are the main clinical features?

Answer 6

Head and neck cancer is an umbrella term. It typically includes:

• Oral cavity cancers
• Cancers of the pharynx (including the oropharynx, hypopharynx and nasopharynx)
• Cancers of the larynx

Features

• neck lump
• hoarseness
• persistent sore throat
• persistent mouth ulcer

Question 7

First line antibiotic in tonsillitis?

Answer 7

Phenoxymethylpenicillin is the first line antibiotic for tonsillitis

If penicillin allergic - clarithromycin

Question 8

When do you prescribe antibiotics in patients with otitis media?

Answer 8

Antibiotics should be prescribed immediately if:

• Symptoms lasting more than 4 days or not improving
• Systemically unwell but not requiring admission
• Immunocompromise or high risk of complications secondary to significant heart, lung, kidney, liver, or neuromuscular disease
• Younger than 2 years with bilateral otitis media
• Otitis media with perforation and/or discharge in the canal

Question 9

Trauma causes what type of hearing loss?

Answer 9

Conductive

Question 10

Base of skull fractures causes what type of hearing loss?

Answer 10

SNHL

Question 11

What drugs are ototoxic?

Answer 11

Ototoxic medicines include

Gentamicin

Quinine

Furosemide

Aspirin

Some chemotherapy agents