envs3102 quiz 2 Flashcards
whats the percentage of 95% of population living in
10% of land area
what are macroclimates driven by
uneven receipt of solar irradiance
what city contains the hottest temp and highest rainfall
Jakarta
what fraction of population lives in northern hemisphere
88.5%
what is the climatic effect on a city on mountain top
mechanical: wind speed increase due to elevation and cloud and precipitation increase due to uplift
thermal: clear conditions = high solar irradiance and LWR loss. higher diurnal and seasonal temp range.
Air quality: good air quality when windy but potential for photochemical smog on clear days
what is the climatic effect on a city on a slope
mechanical: on lee side shelter from ambient winds.
thermal: aspect toward the sun, surface and adjacent air is warmed causing upslope winds.
air quality: good air quality unless located in recirculation zone or close to the inversion level
what is the climatic effect on a city on valley
mechanical: effects depend on direction of valley and city. could be exposed if aligned with the valley
thermal: cross valley winds develop during daytime due to anabatic flows on either side.
air quality: potential for poor quality due to pooling
what is the climatic effect on a city on base of slope
mechanical: foehn winds on lee side may occur, windward side flow may be blocked by barrier
thermal: daytime anabatic and nighttime katabatic flow
air quality: windward side cool air becomes blocked. leeward side air can recirculate causing poor air quality
what is the climatic effect on a city on coastal city
mechanical: on shore winds much stronger than offland
thermal: on shore winds and offshore at night
air quality: daytime pollution possible from near surface inversion due to strong on shores
the higher the froude number, what are the effects on windward side
lower air pollution due to no blocking
the higher the froude number, what are the effects on the leeward side
higher air pollution, due to recirculation
strong cold upwinds on windward side cause what
downwind and hydraulic jump
cold air trapped in lee side causing inversion causes what
air quality to be degraded and warm air flows over
Foehn effect describes what
moist air to cool and precipitate on windward side and dry and warm air on the leeward side
what happens with the urban heat island circulation during the day
anabatic flows draw air up slope counteracting the effects of the UHI. Cooler air descends in the centre
