Enzymes Flashcards
Enymes
Biological catalysts that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed or used up in the reaction; made out of protein
How does temperature affect enzymes?
At a higher temperatures the molecules have more kinetic energy, therefore the likelihood of successful collisions is higher. After the optimum temperature, at about 40 degrees C, the enzymes may become denatured.
What is the lock and key hypothesis?
Enzymes are specific to one particular substrate(s) as the active site of the enzyme, where the substrate attaches, is a complementary shape to the substrate. This is because the enzyme is a protein and has a specific 3-D shape
What is the optimum pH?
Normally around 7. In the stomach at about 2.
Photosynthesis
the process by which plants manufacture carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light
How is carbon dioxide obtained?
Diffuses in through the stomata
How is water obtained?
Taken up by the roots and transported through the xylem to the leaves
Chlorophyll
A green pigment that transfers energy from light into energy in chemicals, for the synthesis of carbohydrates
For what is glucose made in plants used for?
Converted to sucrose for transport in the phloem; as nectar to attract insects for pollination; the carbohydrates made into lipids for an energy source in seeds; combined with nitrate ions to makes amino acids and proteins
Why do plants need magnesium?
To make chlorophyll.
Why do plants need nitrogen?
To make amino acids and build proteins.
What are the effects of a magnesium deficiency?
Yellowing between the veins of leaves (chlorosis)
What are the effects of a nitrogen deficiency?
Stunted growth and yellowing of leaves
