epidemiology Flashcards
what is epidemiology?
monitoring of disease transmission within host populations
what is etiology?
study of the cause of disease
who are known as the god fathers of etiology?
Kosh and Pasteiur
who looked at the speed of collera (ghost map) and traced it to the water pump on Broad Street?
John Snow
what is Ignaz Semmelweis find?
child birth fever- 1/6 women dying after birth with no hand washing (>1% after started washing hands)
what did Florence Nightingale do?
pushed for better hygiene during the war, contraction of typhus from Rickettsia prowazeki by lice
what did Florence Nightingale believe cause typhus?
miasma-bad air
what does sporadic mean?
no distribution pattern, not a lot of cases (bubonic plague)
what does endemic mean?
always present within a population, but low # of cases and predictable (colds)
what does epidemic mean?
infectious disease that surpasses our expectations (influenza, ebola)
what dies pandemic mean?
unable to control the spread, forces isolation, no transport between countries, transparence about cases.
what does epizootic mean?
transmission of disease in non-human animals
what does zoonotic mean?
can transmit from animals to humans (spill over event)
what is incidence rate?
of cases of a specific disease in a designated population over a period of time
what is prevalence rate?
of existing cases over a period of time (month or week)
