Epidemiology Flashcards
OR
Things you expect on top
Things you don’t expect bellow
(Smokers w/ cancer x noncmokers w/o cancer) / (smokers w/o cancer x nonsmokers w/ cancer)
Bradford Hill criteria for causality
Temporal profile Plausability Dose-response Experimental evidence Strength of data Consistency Exclude alternatives Specificity Coherence
How do we minimise confounding?
Randomisation
How do we minimise information bias
Blinding
Objective info - hard outcomes
Selection Bias
Randomisation
ITT analysis
What graph depicts survival analysis?
Kaplan-Myer curve
How is NNT calculated?
1 / (absolute risk reduction)
What is the absolute risk reduction?
…
What 5 parameters can we use to assess external validity?
PICOT
Population Intervention Comparitor/control Outcome Time
What 3 biases limit the utility of screening tests?
Selection bias
Lead time bias
What’s meant by lead time bias?
Early detection appears to prolong survival time, but there’s just earlier detection
What’s means by selection bias?
The worried/health-conscious well are more likely to present
What’s the formula for sensitivity?
TP / TP+FN
What’s the formula for specificity?
TN / TN+FP
What happens when sensitivity is good?
You pick up all the people with the disease
