Epidemiology of psychological disorders Flashcards
what are the different mental health classfication models?
- The DSM- american psychiatric assocation- it is also adopted by NICE. it has over 300 diagnosis.
- The national insistuation of mental health reasearch and domain critera
- ICD-10 which is used by the world health organisation
what are the problems with classifying mental health diroders?
the atieology - Theres an issue of nature vs nuture
the multidimensional complexity
the co-morbidities
How are mental health problems identified and monitored?
- History taking
- Examinations
- Screening questions
- Tools
what are the tools used to identify mental health problems
- The generalised anxiety disorder questions (GAD7)
- PHQ9- used in clinical settings for depression
- Hospital depression and anxiety scale
describe the distribution of depression in the community?
- Depression is a leading diabality worldwide
- Theres more depression in females then in men.
- 24 percent women and 17 percent men are diagnosed with depression in their lifetime
What makes depression more difficult to diagnose?
depression can occur with other mental health issues so may sometimes be overlooked.
discuss the distribution of anxiety in the community?
woemn are twice as likely as men to be diagnosed with anxiety disorder.
what is the adult psychiatric morbidty survey (AMPS)?
-Its a survey thats carried out every 7 years and takes over a year to be published to measure mental health problems in the population.
whcih establishment is where most mental health probems are dealt with. primary or secondary care?
90 percent of mental health problems are dealt with in primary care.
how are mild symptoms of mental health managed and where?
they are managed in primary care and are managed through CBT and other group or talking therapies
how are highier symptoms managed and where?
higher symptoms are managed with indiviual CBT/ MEDICATION. IF each of these methods indiviually are uneffective then they could be managed by combining both medication and CBT.
if higher symptoms cannot be managed by primary care what happens?
The individual is then sent to secondary care under referal.
why do we measure mental health?
- to explore causes
- look at trends in mental health
- look at management
- look at impacts of events (such as covid and lockdown)
- identify care needs of the patients
what are the difficulties in measuring mental health?
- There are high numbers of people
- Its hard to catagorise and diagnose
- Sub-groups in the popluation
what options can be used to measure mental health?
- Diagnostic interviews
- Biological measurements
- Gathering existing data
- assessment tools
