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Neurology > Epilepsy > Flashcards

Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first line treatment for a partial seizure?

A

Carbamazepine

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2
Q

What is the first line treatment for an absence seizure?

A

Sodium valproate

Note. Carbamazepine can make absence seizures worse

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3
Q

What is the second line treatment of a generalised tonic clinic seizure?

A

Lanotrigine

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4
Q

What is the second line treatment for a partial seizure?

A

Lamotrigine

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5
Q

How does sodium valproate work?

A

Increases GABA activity

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6
Q

What birth defect I’d sodium valproate use in pregnancy associated with?

A

Neural tube defects

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7
Q

What birth defect does phenytoin cause if taken in pregnancy?

A

Cleft palate

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8
Q

Is carbamazepine safe in pregnancy?

A

It’s considered least teratrogenic of older anti-epileptics. But should be used with caution.

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9
Q

Is Lamotrigine safe in pregnancy?

A

Rate of congenital malformations is low. But should be used with caution.

Note. May have to increase dude during pregnancy.

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10
Q

Is breast feeding safe for women who take anti epileptics?

A

Yes.

With the exception of barbiturates

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11
Q

How long must an epileptic patient be “fit free” before they can drive?

A

12 months

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12
Q

What is first line treatment of status epilepticus?

A

Benzodiazipines

Eg. Diazepam or lorazepam

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13
Q

What is the second line treatment for a patient in status epilepticus?

A

Phenytoin or sodium valproate

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14
Q

What are the side effects of sodium valproate?

A 
Increased appetite and weight gain
Liver failure
Pancreatitis
Reversible hair loss
Oedema
Ataxia
Teratrogenic, tremor, thrombocytopenia
Encephalopathy
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15
Q

What are the side effects of carbamazepine?

A 
Leukopenia 
Diplopia, blurred vision
Impaired balance
Erythematous rash
siadh
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16
Q

What are the side effects of Lamotrigine

A 
Maculopapular rash
Steven Johnson syndrome
Hypersensitivity (DIC FEVER RAISED LFTS)
Aplastic anemia
Nausea vomiting 
Blurred vision, photosensitivity
17
Q

What are the side effects of phenytoin?

A 
Toxicity (nystagmus, dysarthria, tremor, ataxia)
Depression
Acne
Gym hypertrophy
Polyneuropathy
18
Q

Name the enzyme inducing antiepileptics?

A

Carbamazepine
Phenytoin
Barbiturates

19
Q

What can pregnant women with epilepsy take to combat some of the effect of teratogenic drugs?

A

Folate - to avoid neural tube defects

Vit k in the last month of pregnancy to prevent clotting disorders caused by phenytoin

20
Q

What is the acute treatment of an epileptic seizure

A

Rectal diazepam

Neurology (6 decks)

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