Epistasis

Question 1

Criteria

Answer 1

• related phenotypes
• pathway make distinct decision
• mutation have opposite phenotypes

Question 2

Goldfish Anterior/Posterior Pathway - Head

Answer 2

headless = active (ligand bind)
twintail = active (RTK phosphorylate)
twinhead = inactive (no bicaudal)
bicadual = active (bind to TF)

HEAD GENES

Question 3

Goldfish Anterior/Posterior Pathway - Tail

Answer 3

headless = inactive (no ligand)
twintail = inactive (RTK no phosphorylate)
twinhead = active (bicaudal binds)
bicadual = inactive (no bind to TF)

TAIL GENES

Question 4

Order of Function

Answer 4

activate (–>) = no switch

inhibit (–|) = switch on and off

Question 5

Maternal Coordinate Genes

Answer 5

• axes of development

Question 6

Gap Genes

Answer 6

• continuous sets of segments deleted

Question 7

Pair-rule Genes

Answer 7

• alternative deletion of segments

Question 8

Segment Polarity Gene

Answer 8

• every segment present but defective

Question 9

Homeotic Selector Genes

Answer 9

• transformation of one body part onto another

Question 10

Bicoid

Answer 10

• activates expression of HB protein @ anterior

Question 11

Nanos

Answer 11

• suppresses expression of HB protein @ posterior

Question 12

Conservation of Structure

Answer 12

• proteins different organisms share same aa sequence

Question 13

Conservation of Expression

Answer 13

• genes different organisms expressed differently

Question 14

Conservation of Requirement

Answer 14

• different genes required for similar things in different organisms

Question 15

Conservation of Function

Answer 15

• gene from one organism, into another and work

Question 16

GAL4 Cross

Answer 16

• GAL4 translated from driver line
• binds to GAL4 binding site on UAS line
• activating expression of YFG