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Chem > Equilibrium > Flashcards

Equilibrium Flashcards

1
Q

What is equal when a reaction is at equilibrium

A

Forward and reverse reactions

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2
Q

I’m equilibrium the reaction is not

A

Static

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3
Q

In equilibrium, the rates of forward and reverse reactions are

A

Equal

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4
Q

At equilibrium, the concentration of products and reactants

A

Remain constant

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5
Q

Chemical equilibrium

A

Equilibrium involving a chemical reaction

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6
Q

Physical equilibrium

A

Equilibrium involving physical change (states of matter)

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7
Q

Chemical equilibrium has two types :

A

Homogenous and heterogenous

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8
Q

Homogenous equilibrium

A

All chemicals are in the same state of matter

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9
Q

Heterogenous equilibrium

A

More than one state of matter

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10
Q

The equilibrium constant

A

No matter starting composition of reactants and products, the same ratio of concentrations is achieved at equilibrium

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11
Q

The equipment constant expression

A

Kc= produces over reactants

[P][P]/[R][R]

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12
Q

Kc is

A

Equilibrium constant

Based on molarities

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13
Q

The larger the K value

A

The more products present at equilibrium

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14
Q

K»1

A

Products dominate at equilibrium (equilibrium to left) right shift

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15
Q

K«1

A

Reactants dominate at equilibrium (equilibrium to right) left shift

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16
Q

LeChateliers principle

A

If you disturb equilibrium, it will shift to undo disturbance,
(Changing in products or reactants concentrations)

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17
Q

Adding a reactant or product

A

Shifts the equilibrium away from the increase

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18
Q

Removing the reactant or product

A

Shifts the equilibrium towards the decrease

19
Q

To optimize the amount of product at equilibrium

A

Flood reaction vessel with reactant and continually remove products

20
Q

Increase of pressure

A

Favors the direction that has fewer moles of gas in a reaction

21
Q

Decrease in pressure

A

Shift toward larger number of gas moles

22
Q

Temperature increase or decrease

A

Using energy term in equation, can be treated like reactant or product

23
Q

Does changing temperature change the value of K (ratio)

A

Yes

24
Q

Positive Kj

A

Reactant

Endothermic

25
Q

Negative Kj

A

Product

Exothermic

26
Q

What do solids do for equilibrium

A

Adding or removing solids does not shift equilibrium

27
Q

Adding or removing catalyst

A

Doesn’t shift

Only speeds up reaction

28
Q

Increasing volume

A

Decreases reactants and products

29
Q

What increases the rate of a reaction and why

A

Breaking it up increases surface area so more collisions

Higher concentration so more in it so more collisions

30
Q

Dynamic equilibrium

A

There is constant change but the total remains the same

31
Q

When shifts to right (happens to reactants)

A

It favors products, so need to decrease reactants

32
Q

If a system at equilibrium is subjected to a disturbance

A

The equilibrium is displaced in the direction that relieves the disturbance

33
Q

Stressor

A

Any change which could affect equilibrium of either or both forward or reverse reactions

34
Q

Forward reaction is faster
What happens to shift
Products
Reactants

A

Shift right
Increase products
Decrease reactants

35
Q

When added

A

Shifts away

36
Q

When removed

A

Shifts toward

37
Q

Characteristics of equilibrium

A

Concentration

Pressure

38
Q

When approaching equilibrium reactant concentration

A

Decreases because used to make products

39
Q

When approaching equilibrium product concentration

A

Increase because formed in forward reaction

40
Q

When approaching equilibrium forward reaction rate

A

Decrease

Lower reactant concentration= less collisions

41
Q

When approaching equilibrium reverse reaction rate

A

Increase

Higher product concentration= more collisions

42
Q

What is constant at equilibrium

A

Concentration

43
Q

Law of mass action

A

The ratio of forward and reverse reactions is described by the equilibrium constant kc

44
Q

ICE

A

I- initial concentrations
C-change, -(coefficient)x
E- concentrations at equilibrium

Chem (14 decks)

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